【正文】
Chapter 9 Scaling, Reliability and Validity Chapter Objectives ? Know how and when to use the different forms of rating scales and ranking scales ? Explain stability and consistency, and how they are established ? Explain the different forms of validity ? Discuss what ‘goodness’ of measures means, and why it is necessary to establish it in research Rating and Ranking Scales ? Rating Scales – have several response categories and are used to elicit responses with regard to the object, event or person studied. ? Ranking Scales – make parisons between or among objects, events or persons, and elicit the preferred choices and ranking among them. Rating Scales ? dichotomous scale ? category scale ? Likert scale ? numerical scales ? semantic differential scale ? itemised rating scale ? fixed or constant sum rating scale ? Stapel scale ? graphic rating scale ? consensus scale Dichotomous Scale Used to elicit a Yes or No answer, eg: Do you own