【正文】
tile other forms the axle end into a flange upon which the wheel is bolted. TYPES OF AXLES Live axles (axles that turn with the wheels) are of three basic types: fullfloating, threequarterfloating and semifloating. Most cars utilize the semi floating axle. Most 6 trucks have fullfloating axles. If tile axle breaks, tile wheel will not e off. Tile three types . DRIVING THE AXLES The real39。 5 DRIVE AXLE ASSEMBLIES After studying this chapter, you will be able to: ■ Explain the construction of different types of drive axle assemblies. ■ List the parts of various drive axles. ■ Compare the differences between a rear wheel and front wheel drive axle assembly. ■ Describe the operating principles of drive axle assemblies. Drive axle assemblies have several important functions. They must hold the wheels on, keep them upright, allow them to be turned (in front, on fourwheel drive and frontwheel drive vehicles) and propel the wheels forward or backward. They must drive the wheels in such a manner that one can turn faster than the other, yet both must receive torque. Drive axle assemblies must absorb the driving force of the wheels, and transmit it to the frame through springs, control rods, etc. The axle assembly provides an anchorage for springs, supports the weight of the vehicle and forms the foundation upon which the wheel brakes are mounted. Obviously, the axle assemblies must be well constructed, using quality materials. HOUSING The axle housing is usually made of stamped steel parts welded together. Or, the center section of the housing may be made of cast steel. Two basic types have been used: the BANJO type housing (in wide use) and the SPLIT housing (little used) consisting of two or more pieces. AXLES Two steel axles are placed inside the housing. Their inner ends almost touch。不能用其他的組件來替代。 卡環(huán)和小齒輪 輪齒接觸位置以及它們之間的間隙具有重要作用。 直齒錐齒輪 差速器的齒輪也有是直齒錐齒輪式的。螺旋齒可以增強受力。 螺旋錐齒輪傳動 另外一種類型的小齒輪傳動裝置采用螺旋錐齒輪傳動。注意觀察兩個滾子軸承對軸的支承作用。運動發(fā)生在齒圈和輪齒上。這種差速器的建立,通過螺旋錐齒輪傳動,運動形式同準(zhǔn)雙曲面齒輪相同。如果一個車 輪產(chǎn)生滑動,另外一個車輪仍然可以通過彈簧線圈獲得動力。通過彈簧線圈而使錐形離合器安裝在差速器殼體內(nèi)。 不同類型的差速器。當(dāng)?shù)缆饭饣臈l件下,可以提高速度。轉(zhuǎn)速較慢的半軸可以獲得大部分的轉(zhuǎn)矩。所釋放的壓力使差速器的運動同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型一致。一個軸的轉(zhuǎn)速比較慢,另外一個軸的轉(zhuǎn)速加快。 半軸轉(zhuǎn)速不同 當(dāng)汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎時,其內(nèi)部軸的轉(zhuǎn)速降低。每個軸都向外運動,從而使軸上的行星齒輪向相同的方向運動,使離合器被鎖住。兩個十字輪軸被置于不同的位置上。半軸齒輪隨著差速器小齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動。 當(dāng)傳動軸驅(qū)動行星齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動時,轉(zhuǎn)矩被傳遞到齒圈上。止推部分繞著半軸旋轉(zhuǎn),離合器盤運動到一起。差速器殼體呈斜坡狀。這就需要兩個分離的十字軸,兩個軸之間的運動是相互獨立的。盡管存在著很多的變化,但可采用摩擦裝置來實現(xiàn)正常運動。橋殼的組成部分包括半軸和差速器 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的差 速器 為了避免動力的流失,車輪開始打滑時,特殊的差速器可以改變車輪的轉(zhuǎn)矩而避免車輪打滑。其內(nèi)部裝有兩個大的軸承,稱之為差速器殼軸承。一種有特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的差速器將在后面的章節(jié)做介紹。如果一個車輪開始打滑,驅(qū)動橋靜止不動。相反的運動形式會使左側(cè)半軸齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速降低。行星齒輪仍以相同的速度轉(zhuǎn)動,仍然推動兩個半軸齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動,也推動軸的轉(zhuǎn)動。這可以使兩個半軸齒輪同時繞著其各自的軸轉(zhuǎn)動 / 圖 A 中,汽車沿直線行駛,行星齒輪推動兩個半軸齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動。當(dāng)要求車輪快速轉(zhuǎn)動時,外部半軸齒輪的轉(zhuǎn)速高于內(nèi)部半軸齒輪。整個運動過程象一個固體單元。 當(dāng)汽車沿著直線方向行駛時,齒圈會 繞著差速器殼體旋轉(zhuǎn)。當(dāng)差速器殼體轉(zhuǎn)動,十字軸隨之轉(zhuǎn)動。齒圈會繞著差速器殼體和十字軸轉(zhuǎn)動。差速器殼體會隨著差速器轉(zhuǎn)動,傳動軸與主動齒輪軸相連接。 3 可以看到差速器殼,它會繞著半軸上的齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動。 驅(qū)動橋 汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎時的工況與普通行駛時的不同,必須使用一個叫做差速器的單元使兩個 半軸都獲得動力,讓左右驅(qū)動車輪的行駛速度不同。大多是汽車采用半浮式,大部分貨車采用全浮式半軸支承。一種方法是在驅(qū)動橋一端用拔銷來固定,另一端通過凸緣固定。內(nèi)部端被花鍵固定在差速器上,外端被滾子軸承所固定 。 車橋 兩個車橋在橋殼的內(nèi)部,它們在內(nèi)部相接觸,在某些位置它們是不接觸的。橋殼的中心部分是由鑄鋼制成的。 結(jié)構(gòu) 后橋的幾個基本組成部分:橋殼,半軸,差速器。驅(qū)動橋在車輪制動器被安裝的基礎(chǔ)上通過彈簧來固定,并獲得簧上質(zhì)量。它可以使車輪回正,控制車輪滾動,可以使其中一個車輪的轉(zhuǎn)速比另外一個車輪快,兩個車輪均可獲得轉(zhuǎn)矩。1