【正文】 , that is to say less biased angle of 180176。 16 Total station in the highway center line conductors and Measurement Abstract: The total station in the highway center line conductors and the application of measurement techniques, the Total Station use matters needing attention. Key words: Total Station Road measuring techniques 1． Total station in the wire measurement (1)Total Station Coordinate the advantages of Total Station can be used directly with the measuring point coordinate method, rather than polar coordinates law required, so that heavy equipment operators form the calculation of the data out. Outside the industry are now virtually no records, only a simple mind and the next point with the point of the relationship between the finishing industry for the reference period, but also do not have staff with a record of the calculation. Finishing in a time when the industry as long as the data transmission from the total station to PC2E500 calculator, or directly to the data input to a puter, after coordinate adjustment, on the puter using Auto CAD drawing software such as points, cutoff point, and calculated the angle value of each curve, the distance between the point of intersection as well as the coordinates of each pile and so. (2)Note and the application of statecontrolled threedimensional coordinates of points Coordinates method used before, as far as possible the country to find control points and control points of these threedimensional coordinates, and these control points through the joint test, not only can test their measurement accuracy, and erroryun Xu scope can be carried out through the adjustment of these coordinates, so that a higher measurement accuracy. (3)Point set should take into account the need to take the middle lane In the set point, not only should be wire line control points, that is, to point the center line should also prepare for the release, depending on the route pass conditions, and higher terrain 17 can be laid at a number of aircraft equipment, the benefits of doing so is to take the middle lane when there is a greater choice and do not have equipment for an additional two points to allow devices to stop several times. (4)Apparatus after the operation and staffing, as the role of staff Total Station with the road generally traversing a total of 5~6 people, depending on the location of the previous 3 to 4 people, equipment operator 1, the latter depending on a person. After the total station as the staff can record more points, the center line of the latter line of measurement and design can play a very large role. Works through the following specific examples to illustrate the importance of after, as the staff. Henan Provincial Highway 23 in Nanyang City Line to Bangladesh floor habitats Dengzhou secondary roads traversing alteration works, because it is the old GM, the measurement principle is to meet the regulatory requirements under the premise of using the old as much as possible. Easy to control the general line segment, and the Department in order to bend as much as possible along the old road on the bend radius must be a very suitable choice. We measured the key is: the people, as after the after, after, as, to turn the corner along the old release 5~6 bend radius control point, so Total Station to record the coordinates of points, so within the industry to deal with wires, the Department of these bend lines such as the use of design software in Haiti through the debug radius curves make as much as possible through these points. If both sides of a longer and a lot of flat curves Housing Department, later, as in the old curve measured 12 points to control the curve, including the industry deal with the position found in the plex curve is the best option to avoid the set caused by the demolition of a multiradius curves and linear nonideal errors. (5)Wires should be noted that the issue of measurement Total Station with the wire used to fight some of the areas in need of special attention, otherwise large errors may arise even lead to rework. 1) When the latter, as we must pay attention to people after the legislation, as the latter point of view and coordinate with the importation of equipment and take the points 18 Consistent standard, it is best to use walkietalkie munications with each other like dots with a prism depending on the exhausted, the used equipment after the release point of view to see whether the same location, so that error probability can be reduced to a minimum. Henan Provincial Highway 48 in line Xixia throughout the wire measurement, as firsttime coordinates, apparatus, aircraft operators will view the site and post the coordinates of the antilost, resulting inShow map on your puter when the road at this location found that the 180176。 結(jié)束語 全站儀在我國出現(xiàn)只是近幾年的事，大面積的普及應(yīng)用才剛剛開始，但它給我們帶來的方便已經(jīng)是非常顯著了。另外非常重要的一點(diǎn)是：全站儀搬站的時間最好選在直線段上，這樣的好處是不讓中線組等著儀器搬站而停工。其實，中線敷設(shè)的過程中并不一定要過分依賴全站儀，要結(jié)合以往的花桿皮尺 “穿桿 ”法等。這樣做的好處是：在不影響測量精度而得到山上點(diǎn)高程的同時，避免了水準(zhǔn)儀上山頭容易引起水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)之間不閉合的發(fā)生。如在山區(qū)沿溪線的改線測量中，有些路線的幾個中線點(diǎn)上了山頭，如果用水準(zhǔn)儀來測這幾個點(diǎn)的高程，根據(jù)以往經(jīng)驗，水準(zhǔn)儀往山頭上轉(zhuǎn)架幾次儀器后容易引起誤差過大，造成水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)之間不閉合。在山區(qū)和路線上建筑物障礙物較多時，有時搬一次儀器也就放一二個點(diǎn)，往往不在另外搬站，而是用移動參照點(diǎn)和測參照點(diǎn)相結(jié)合的方法，每次都取得了省時、省力、又滿足精度要求的結(jié)果。再如山區(qū)沿溪線的中線放線，由于平面線形往往不理想，多有山頭阻擋視線，總是需要多次搬站，如果我們選擇路線河對岸的山腰、平地或者居民樓的房頂?shù)葋碜鰹榧苷疚恢茫瑒t可以達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。我們在剛開始用全站儀的時候，對這一點(diǎn)不太重視，結(jié)果往往搬站過多，不僅影響進(jìn)度，也影響精度。一般情況下，導(dǎo)線測量中測點(diǎn)的高程值只作參考，而不能用作水準(zhǔn)測量。結(jié)果當(dāng)然是錯誤的。 3）在坐標(biāo)法測量中不要打倒鏡，因為全站儀的坐標(biāo)法核心實質(zhì)還是將由偏角、距離得來的數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)全站儀內(nèi)部計算模塊處理后換算成坐標(biāo)，所以打 倒鏡等于講整個坐標(biāo)系旋轉(zhuǎn) 180176。角返回了，使得全天的工作都成了無用功。 1）對后視的時候一定要注意后視人立的后視點(diǎn)的點(diǎn)號和坐標(biāo)是否與儀器中輸入的點(diǎn)號和坐標(biāo)一致，最好用對講機(jī)互相通報一下點(diǎn)號，用棱鏡對完后視后 ，再用儀器放后視點(diǎn)，看位置是否一致，這樣可將出錯幾率降至最小。如在一個較長且兩側(cè)房屋很多的平曲線處，后視人員在老路曲線下測得 12 個點(diǎn)來控制曲線，在業(yè)內(nèi)處理時發(fā)現(xiàn)該位置設(shè)復(fù)曲線是最佳方案，避免了設(shè)一個曲線半徑造成拆遷多而且線形不理想的失誤。一般直線段容易控制，而彎道處要想盡可能地沿老路就必須讓彎道半徑選擇得非常合適。下面通過具體的工程實例來說明后視人員的重要性。 （ 4） 儀器操作人員配置及后視人員的作用 一般用全站儀配合公路導(dǎo)線測量一共需要 5~6人，其中前視位置 3~4人，儀器操作員