【正文】 s opinion? has the same effects as laughter. can be used to take the p。Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health. And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone39。 Researchers say the connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may have an unhealthy lifestyle, which can lead to health problems. s main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fightorflight response. Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart. When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive. He says smiling is the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies support his opinion. 8．閱讀理解 以及文章內(nèi)容可知敘述的都是日常飲食和發(fā)音對語言的影響，故選C。根據(jù)第二段中的“We39。故選A。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。本段提到sound和diet是有關(guān)系的,也就是food食物；另外也和思考有關(guān)the product of thought,本段最后說到和兩者都有關(guān)系。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。且以f和v的發(fā)音為例，揭示了農(nóng)民們發(fā)f和v音的原因是他們喜歡吃更多的熟食。diet has some influence on languageD.jaws help shape our thoughtB.growing up with lager lower jaws（4）By writing this passage, the author intends to reveal biting more with front teethC.. A.Food and thinking.（3）The reason for farmers39。Age and regions.Jobs and habits.Lips and teeth.understand the Greek languageD.create significant noisesB.t exist or be transmitted without a real object. But neither can it be reduced to the purely physical, as our inability to understand or even to recognise foreign languages makes clear. The food we eat shapes our jaws, and our jaws in turn shape the sounds of our language. The ease with which we eat probably shapes our thought too, as anyone who has suffered toothache could testify. What we eat may have shaped the sounds of our language, but how we eat changes how we feel and what we use language to express. A family meal is very different from a sandwich at the office desk, even if the calorie is the same. Food has purposes and meanings far beyond keeping us alive and pleasing the Palate (味覺).（1）Compared with adults, babies could more easily re Rees－Moggs) say father.rather than of the arrangement of our teeth. In reality, though, any given language must be both. But where do these phonemes e from and why do they shift over time? New research suggests that the apparently arbitrary distribution of some sounds around the world may be partially explained by diet. This is unexpected. We39。7．犇犇閱讀理解 ”故選B。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Previous studies have shown some primates (靈長目動物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些靈長類動物、鳥類、嬰兒甚至蜘蛛都可以加減法。故選C。但是數(shù)字認知，比如精確的數(shù)字和算術(shù)運算，需要更復(fù)雜的處理。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。t require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both longterm rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,”如果數(shù)學(xué)不需要一個巨大的大腦，那么在設(shè)計中，我們也可能有新的方法來包括長期規(guī)則和工作記憶的互動，從而提高人工智能對新問題的快速學(xué)習(xí)，可知，Adrian Dyer認為，蜜蜂的數(shù)字認知對人工智能的未來發(fā)展可能有影響。 （2）考查推理判斷。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學(xué)。根據(jù)第一段中的“Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (減法).”澳大利亞證明蜜蜂可以做加法和減法等算術(shù)運算。發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進展》(Science Advances)雜志上的這項新研究將蜜蜂也列入了這一名單。The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，RMIT大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了蜜蜂能做基本的數(shù)學(xué)。New Findings About Bees Having Numerical CogintionC.Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.（4）What can be the best title for the text? A.Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.C.calls for a lot of maths knowledge（3）What does the finding of the new research suggest? A.has a possible effect on the future development of AIC. numerical cognition ________. A.Bees can perform plex arithmetic operations.D.The relationship between brain size and brain power.B. Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more plex level of processing. “If math doesn39。s Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (數(shù)字的) operations like addition and subtraction are plex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your longterm memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your shortterm memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their shortterm memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.” Solving math problems requires a plex level of involving the mental management of numbers, longterm rules and shortterm working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning.6．犇犇閱讀理解 C項正好與主旨句呼應(yīng)，故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。所以說，相較于老年人，年輕人的大腦花費更少的時間來處理信息。根據(jù)第一段中的最后兩句可知，年輕時之所以覺得日子似乎更長是因為大腦能夠以“快速射擊”的方式處理更多信息。故選B。根據(jù)第一段中的You39。故選A。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。The Older, the FasterD.Nerves and NeuronsB.Old people have fewer things to do than young people.D.Young people are more energetic in their life.B.D.C.B.Rapid fire abilities.（2）What is unavoidable in the process of getting old? A.Information in our brain.C.re happeni