【正文】 t necessarily innately conscientious. To find out, researchers at the University of Minnesota conducted a series of experiments. In the first experiment, they randomly assigned a group of collegeage students to spend time in two office spaces, one of which was very neat, the other wildly cluttered (亂堆) with papers and other workrelated stuff. The students spent their time filling out questionnaires unrelated to the study. After 10 minutes, they were told they could leave with an apple or a chocolate bar. Those students who sat in the orderly office were twice as likely to choose the apple as those who sat among the mess. For some time, psychologists have been studying how personality traits affect health and healthrelated choices. Not surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have immaculate offices. 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和詞義猜測兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。所以說，母語學(xué)習(xí)包含更多的情感。 （4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。一種是快速、自然的感覺，所以猜測出，另外一種是對(duì)大多數(shù)人最大利益的深思熟慮。根據(jù)第五段中的“According to one explanation, such judgments involve two separate and peting ways of thinking173。故選D。根據(jù)第四段中的“But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.”可知，志愿者們用已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)的外語來表達(dá)這種兩難境地時(shí)，極大地增加了他們將犧牲者推下人行橋的意愿。所以此問題指的是一個(gè)人使用的語言會(huì)影響他的道德判斷嗎？故選C。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。D.C.B.. A.sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge（3）The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to pull the switch to the side tracksC.care less about the five peoples moral judgments?D.Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?C.What contributes to one39。 There39。one of these, a quick, natural feeling, and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our nonnative language signals our cognitive (認(rèn)知的) system to prepare for difficult activity. Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one. In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa m using at the time?m a slightly different person in each of my languages173。6．閱讀理解 故選B。因此一些研究人員決定弄清楚”；文章第四段再次介紹了他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：城市里的樹木比森林中的樹木長得更快，但死得更早；文章最后一段介紹了城市里的樹木比森林中的樹木生長得更快的幾個(gè)原因。 （4）考查推理判斷。由此可以推斷，城市里的樹木比森林中的樹木更可能獲得生長促進(jìn)劑。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮）in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gasburning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground.”可知，與生長在森林中的樹木相比，城市里的樹木長得更快是因?yàn)樗鼈儫o需與鄰近的樹木爭奪光照，也能得到更多的氮量，還更容易得到水。故選A。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解?？梢酝茢?，二氧化碳可以防止地球變得不適合居住。 （1）考查推理判斷。Why fastergrowing trees absorb more C02.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。Why city living makes trees die young.C.How urban trees can live longer.They can enjoy more shade from neighbors.D.They are more likely to access growth promoters.B.D.To check whether they were healthy.B.To know about their growth rates.It results from the widespread burning of fossil fuels.D.It is one of the side effects of greenhouses.B. tracking, the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon from the air as forest trees. However, they were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type of tree, forest trees actually absorbed more CO2.s diameter increases as it grows, just as a person39。 t been much data on whether city trees grow, die and absorb CO2 at the same rate as forest trees do. So some researchers decided to find out. As we all know, the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2. However, CO2 is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps energy from the sun as/heat. That makes temperatures near the ground rise. Human activities, especially the widespread burningof fossil(化石)fuels, have been sending extra greenhouse gases into the air. This has led to a rise in average temperatures across the globe. 5．閱讀理解 故選D。它象征著解決太空垃圾這一關(guān)鍵問題的第一步。 （4）考查主旨大意?！笨芍瑒澗€詞的意思是“支持”。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Aglietti said he hopes RemoveDEBRIS will conduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces of junk in the most crowded orbits.“Aglietti說，他希望清理碎片的工作每年能進(jìn)行幾次，目標(biāo)是最擁擠軌道上最大的垃圾碎片。故選A。它可以瞄準(zhǔn)大塊的垃圾，包括長達(dá)10米的報(bào)廢衛(wèi)星。 （2）考查推理判斷?？芍瑃he RemoveDEBRIS衛(wèi)星的用途是收集太空中存在的廢物。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。Satellite Collects Space Junk for the First Time【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了“衛(wèi)星首次收集太空垃圾。How RemoveDEBRIS Is Invented in the LabC.s the best title for the text? A.D.C.B.By targeting large pieces of junk carefully.（3）What does the underlined word sponsor in the last paragraph probably mean? A.By fastening it to the main satellite tightly.C.Symbolizing great progress in space.（2）How does the RemoveDEBRlS satellite work? A.Imitating a developing technique.C.Aglietti, the Surrey professor who helped lead the RemoveDEBRIS project, said The challenge will lie in persuading