【正文】 D.C.B.. A.sacrifice the stranger on the footbridge（3）The underlined word in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to pull the switch to the side tracksC.care less about the five peoples moral judgments?D.Is it necessary to learn more than one foreign language?C.What contributes to one39。 There39。one of these, a quick, natural feeling, and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the greatest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more careful way simply because the effort of operating in our nonnative language signals our cognitive (認(rèn)知的) system to prepare for difficult activity. Most people agree that they would. But what if the only way to stop the trolley is by pushing a large stranger off a footbridge into its path? People tend to be very hesitant to say they would do this, even though in both situations, one person is sacrificed to save five. But Costa and his colleagues found that presenting the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as a foreign tongue dramatically increased their stated willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% of respondents working in their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one. In a 2014 paper led by Albert Costa m using at the time?m a slightly different person in each of my languages173。7．閱讀理解 【點(diǎn)評】查閱讀理解。根據(jù)本文最后一句And the impact is huge. 可知大聲閱讀對孩子們未來的發(fā)展影響很大。故D項正確。 （4）推理判斷題。s have a holiday for the read aloud可知小男孩的主意是出去度假來宣傳read loudly的好處。根據(jù)第四段第一句What he said was this: Mrs. Allyn, let39。故B項正確。根據(jù)第三段第一句Years later, I was reading aloud a picture book to a small child in a classroom. 可知作者是在教室里向一個小孩大聲朗讀一本圖畫書。故A項正確。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句I remember as if it were yesterday, hearing her voice at my side on a cold wintry night. My mother39。Kids should try to change the world.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D（5）B 【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要介紹了大聲閱讀對孩子們的巨大影響，以及World Read Aloud Day的開端以及后來的發(fā)展。t actually simple.Reading gives a high rate of return.C.Sticking to reading isn39。D.Its purpose.B.Its origin.D.To found LitWorld.B.s idea in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.D.best friendB.motherBy encouraging her to read aloud.（2）According to Paragraph 3, the author was probably the little boy39。By listening to her reading.C.s parent change her life? A. Since the day he shared that good idea with us, World Read Aloud Day has bee a worldwide event reaching over one million people in more than 65 countries around the world. This year we are over 600 cities strong, a number that is growing every day. s have a holiday for the read aloud Therefore, my organization, LitWorld, created a grassroots movement World Read Aloud Day in 2010 to honor this young boy39。 What he said was this: Mrs. Allyn, let39。s language a story of a little girl and her mother out in nature, coexisting with a mother bear and her own baby. The power of the story, of language and of my mother all came together. And it happened many times after that, over and over. The read aloud made me a reader. s voice changed my world. 6．閱讀理解 作者開頭提出老年人更關(guān)注積極的事情，后文提到積極的情緒會增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)，所以本文主要講的是年齡，健康與積極的情緒之間的關(guān)系，選B。選D。re not.可知當(dāng)我們快樂時，我們的免疫系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化到最大程度，但是當(dāng)我們不快樂時，免疫系統(tǒng)會減弱。根據(jù)最后一段中的As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we39。也就是說積極與免疫功能之間有關(guān)系，越積極，免疫功能越強(qiáng)，就能活得越久，所有選項中D項（樂觀與壽命）之間最切題，故選D。 （2）考查詞義猜測。由此可以推斷，免疫系統(tǒng)會暫時停止來為身體提供額外的能量。根據(jù)第二段中的“We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function.”可知我們的身體里有大量的免疫細(xì)胞，暫時停止運(yùn)作是可以的。特里弗斯合作研究身體是如何使用能量的，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)解釋了這一現(xiàn)象。Energy, effort and response【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，老年人往往會記住生活中積極的事物，而不是消極的事物。Ancestors, emergency and evolutionB.Brain, muscles and immune systemRealizing that their days are numbered, older people prefer being positive.D.Younger people adopt strategies of handling tense situations from everyday life.B.optimism and length of life（3）What can be concluded from Robert Trivers39。happiness and biological evolutionC.experiences and related knowledgeimmune system will temporarily shut down to fulfill itD.muscles will respond to it by relaxing a little bitB.re happy, but to slow down dramatically when we39。s cold. What you need is to shift all available energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze.re being chased by a tiger, you don39。s increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body uses its energy.5．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. 可知選C。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 出于好奇心，他們做了一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)。 needs and drive cooperative behavior as a result. Curious to find out, they did a series of experiments.” （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。然而，他們還推斷，這種方式可能會導(dǎo)致人們更加了解他人的需求，從而推動合作性的行為。根據(jù)第二段中的“They theorized that, on the one hand, sharing food with other people might indicate food scarcity（短缺）and increase a feeling of petition. However, they also reasoned that it could instead lead people to bee more aware of others39。研究表明，從中間菜采取的“家庭式”餐，可以大大改善后續(xù)談判的結(jié)果。D.To reward them for their participation.C.To add to their energy.To confirm sharing food can promote cooperation.D.To show the way food is served.B.D.A meal shared with others.C.s route prices. The results were much the same, with the foodsharers negotiating successfully 63. 3%of the time and those who did not share doing so 42. 9%of the time. （1）What does the familystyle meal in the report refer to？ A. The game asked the participants to negotiate an hourly wage rate during a fictional strike. Each person was randomly assigned to represent the union or mana