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a. Robustness Robustness, a measure of the analytical p。 ICH Q2A 和 ICH Q2B幾乎對所有的驗證參數都進行了論述。通過準確度實驗論證的樣品回收率資料。如果知道結構的話,也需提供。 Remendations on submitting information on impurities is provided in various FDA guidances such as the ICH guidance Q3A Impurities in New Drug Substances (January 1996). A list of known impurities, with structure if available, including process impurities, degradants, and possible isomers. FDA的指導文件,如比 ICH指導原則 Q3A 新原料藥中的雜質( 1996年 1月)。不是所有的產品(如,植物藥)都需要這些資料的。 For drug substances: A discussion of the possible formation and control of polymorphic and enantiomeric substances. Identification and characterization of each anic impurity, as appropriate. This information may not be needed for all products (., botanicals). Other impurities (., inanics, residual solvents) should be addressed and quantitated. 對于原料藥: 1. 討論可能會形成的異構體并討論異構體的控制。 (見 )。安慰劑,對照品和樣品的儀器輸出也 都是需要提供的(見第 )。盡管不是對于所有類型的分析方法都需要進行所有的驗證項目(見第 章),但還是有典型的驗證項目,如 : Accuracy Precision (repeatability and intermediate precision) Specificity Detection limit Quantitation limit Linearity Range Robustnes 準確度 精密度(重復性和中間精密度) 專屬性 檢測限 定量限 線性 范圍 耐用性 2. Other Methods Validation Information Methods validation information should also include: Data to demonstrate the stability of all analytical sample preparations through the time required to plete the analysis. 分析方法驗證資料還應當要包括: 說明所有分析制備樣品在完成分析所需的時間內的穩(wěn)定性的資料。對于超出 ICH 指導原則范圍的分析方法也是需要驗證的。在遞交資料時, NDA, ANDA, BLA 或 PLA 中應當要包含分析方法驗證資料以支持分析方法的準確度。 VII. METHODS VALIDATION FOR NDAs, ANDAs, BLAs, AND PLAs A. Nonpendial Analytical Procedures In an NDA, ANDA, BLA, or PLA, data must be submitted to establish that the analytical procedures used in testing meet proper standards of accuracy and reliability (21 CFR (a)(2)). Methods validation is the process of demonstrating that analytical procedures are suitable for their intended use. At the time of submission, the NDA, ANDA, BLA, or PLA should contain methods validation information to support the adequacy of the analytical procedures. VII. NDA, ANDA, BLA和 PLA中的分析方法驗證 A.非藥典分析方法 在 NDA, ANDA, BLA或 PLA 中,應當要遞交資料以說明檢測中所用的分析方法是滿足適當的準確度和可靠性要求 (21 CFR (a)92))。 For the drug product, drug substance process impurities may be excluded from reporting if an acceptable rationale is provided in the sections on analytical procedures and controls. Drug product impurities from the drug product manufacturing process, packaging, and labeling should be addressed. 對于產品以及原料藥的工藝雜質也可以不包括在報告中,除非分析規(guī)程和控制環(huán)節(jié)中描敘了一個可以被接受的原則,那么,在 產品制造和包裝過程中(包括貼簽)產生的雜質就要被提到。在這里可以參考 FDA雜質指南文章中有關判定定量限度的內容(看后面的參考)。 Reporting of anic impurities should cover (1) specified identified impurities by name, (2) specified unidentified impurities by location/identifier, (3) any unspecified impurities, and (4) total impurities. The total anic impurities for the drug product or drug substance is the sum of all impurities equal to or greater than their individual QL. See remendations regarding appropriate QLs in FDA impurities guidances (see references). Inanic impurities and residual solvents should also be addressed. 有機雜質的報告中,應當包括: 有記載的已經過確認的雜質的名稱; 有記載但未經過確認雜質的(檢測)位 /標志; 所有的沒有記載的雜質,以及; 總雜質。s detection response. 2.雜質分析規(guī)程 在有關原料藥和產品的雜質檢測規(guī)程中,應當包括雜質的名稱和檢測位 /標志(例如,保留時間 RT,相對保留時間 RRT),以及雜質的種類(比如工藝降解產物,賦形劑降解產物),如有可能,還應當指明檢測限 DL或定量限 QL。這些包括對數轉換以獲得指數數據的線性關系,或多元回歸分析的使用。 I. Calculations Representative calculations, with a tabulation defining all symbols and numerical factors, and specific instructions for the calculation of degradation products and impurities should be included. Any mathematical transformations or formulas used in data analysis should be described in detail. These may include logarithmic transformations used to obtain a linear relationship from exponential data, or the use of multiple order regression analyses. I.計算 應當要提供代表性計算公式,并要列表說明所有符號和數字系數,及計算降解產物和雜質的特殊使用說明。敘述應當要適當包括如下信息:平衡時間,樣品進樣順序和系統(tǒng)適應性或啟動參數。 F. Preparation of Standards Procedures for the preparation of all standard solutions (., stock, working standard solutions, internal standards) should be included. F. 標準品的制備 要有所有標準品溶液(比如,儲備液,工作對照品溶液,內部對照品溶液)的配制方法。無論是哪類分析方法,都要采用實驗來證實該系統(tǒng)能不受環(huán)境條件的影響而正確地運行。 CDER 評審官指南 色譜分析方法的驗證 ( 1994年 11月)對用于評估系統(tǒng)適應性的典型參數進行了定義和討論。在分析方法中應當要包括適當的系統(tǒng)適應性合格標準。 E. System Suitability Testing System suitability test parameters and acceptance criteria are based on the concept that the equipment, electronics, analytical operations, and samples to be analyzed constitute an integrated system. System suitability testing ensures that the system is working properly at the time of analysis. Appropriate system suitability criteria should be defined and included in the analytical procedure. E. 系統(tǒng)適應性實驗 系統(tǒng)適應性實驗參數和合格標 準是建立基礎是:儀器,電子元件,分析操作和待測樣品是個不可分割的整體。如果使用的是自 制試劑或更改過的商業(yè)試劑,則應當要有其制備方法。如 果必要的話,還要提供實驗結構示意圖(比如,闡述噴灑式分析方法的位置)。 B.取樣 需要敘述的有:所選樣品的數目(比如,瓶,片等),它們是如何使用的(也就 是,單獨的或是混合樣品),每個樣品分析的重復次數。 A description of analytical procedures from any other published sources should be provided, because the referenced sources may not be readily accessible to the reviewer. 對于從其它公開發(fā)表的 文獻上獲得的分析方法,應當要對其進行敘述,因為評審官可能并不能很方便的獲得這些文獻。應當要敘述分析方法中需要特殊注意的地方。 All analytical procedures should be fully developed and validation pleted when the NDA, ANDA, BLA, or PLA is submitted. 在遞交 NDA, ANDA, BLA或 PLA時,所有的分析方法都應當要開發(fā)出來,并得到驗證。 For general guidance on analytical procedures and methods validation information to be submitted for phase 1 studies, sponsors should refer to the FDA guidance for industry on Content and Format of Investigational New Drug Applications (INDs) for Phase 1 Studies of Drugs, Including Well Characterized, Therapeutic, BiotechnologyDerived Products (November 1995). 關于在第 1階段研究所需提交的分析方法和方法驗證資料方面的指南,發(fā) 起人可以參考 FDA的指南 :藥品(包括結構確定的,有療效的,生物技術產品)第 1階段研究的 IND申請的內容和格式( 199