【正文】
　　Thank you very much.(Applause)
　　非常感謝。還有，”?！?。大家可以問問自己：”。
　　最后，我想再讓大家思考一個(gè)問題。 What thoughts do I wish to create?amp。 And also,amp。How could I think differently?amp。 amp。Why do I think the way that I do?amp。s how the language that you speak shapes the way that you think. And that gives you the opportunity to ask, amp。s about how you think. Itamp。s not about how people elsewhere think. Itamp。ve told you about how speakers of different languages think differently, but of course, thatamp。
　　I want to leave you with this final thought. Iamp。
　　And the even worse news is that right now, almost everything we know about the human mind and human brain is based on studies of usually American Englishspeaking undergraduates at universities. That excludes almost all humans. Right? So what we know about the human mind is actually incredibly narrow and biased, and our science has to do better.
　　更糟糕的是，現(xiàn)在幾乎我們所知道的所有關(guān)于人類大腦和思維的東西都是基于大學(xué)中說美式英語的學(xué)生的研究。不幸的是，這種語言多樣性正在不斷喪失。而我們還可以創(chuàng)造更多。s languages will be gone in the next hundred years.
　　語言多樣性的美麗在于它向我們揭示了人類的大腦是多么巧妙和靈活。re losing about one language a week, and by some estimates, half of the worldamp。re losing so much of this linguistic diversity all the time. Weamp。
　　Now, the beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is. Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000 there are 7,000 languages spoken around the world. And we can create many more languages, of course, are living things, things that we can hone and change to suit our needs. The tragic thing is that weamp。
　　And finally, I gave you an example of how language can shape things that have personal weight to us ideas like blame and punishment or eyewitness memory. These are important things in our daily lives.
　　最后，我舉了一個(gè)語言可以如何影響跟我們切身相關(guān)的事件的例子，如責(zé)備、懲罰和目擊證詞。這意味著語言可以影響你如何思考所有能用名詞表達(dá)的東西。這是非常簡單、基本、感知型的決定，我們無時(shí)無刻不在做這樣的決定，而語言就在那里影響著我們做的這些小小的決定。39。39。如果你不能數(shù)數(shù)，你自然也不會(huì)代數(shù)學(xué)，你將不能做任何需要數(shù)學(xué)的事情，像建一個(gè)這樣的演講廳，或進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)播，對(duì)吧?小小的數(shù)字給我們提供了踏進(jìn)一整個(gè)認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域的墊腳石。t do any of the things that would be required to build a room like this or make this broadcast, right? This little trick of number words gives you a stepping stone into a whole cognitive realm.
　　語言還可以有很深的影響，我們舉了數(shù)字的例子。t do algebra, you canamp。t count, you canamp。s what we saw with the case of number. Having count words in your language, having number words, opens up the whole world of mathematics. Of course, if you donamp。
　　Language can also have really deep effects thatamp。ve given you a few examples of how language can profoundly shape the way we think, and it does so in a variety of ways. So language can have big effects, like we saw with space and time, where people can lay out space and time in pletely different coordinate frames from each other.
　　那我給了大家?guī)讉€(gè)語言如何影響我們思考的例子，它主要通過幾個(gè)方式。
　　Now, Iamp。花瓶碎了”。他打碎了花瓶”。但是你卻會(huì)更傾向于懲罰、責(zé)備那個(gè)人。即使你自己親眼看到了事件的經(jīng)過，你看了那段視頻，你可以看到花瓶的”。而不是說”。如果我給英語使用者看一個(gè)人不小心打碎花瓶，然后我說”。 The language guides our reasoning about events.
　　所以兩個(gè)人看同樣的事件，目睹同樣的罪行，但記得的卻不一定一樣。It broke.amp。 as opposed to, amp。He broke it,amp。 even though you can witness it yourself, you can watch the video, you can watch the crime against the vase, you will punish someone more, you will blame someone more if I just said, amp。The vase broke,amp。 as opposed to amp。He broke the vase,amp。
　　So, two people watch the same event, witness the same crime, but end up remembering different things about that event. This has implications, of course, for eyewitness testimony. It also has implications for blame and punishment. So if you take English speakers and I just show you someone breaking a vase, and I say, amp。而西班牙語使用者則不太可能會(huì)記得是誰干的。如果我們讓英語使用者和西班牙語使用者看同樣的意外事件，英語使用者會(huì)記得這件事是誰干的，因?yàn)橛⒄Z需要你說”。re more likely to remember the intention.
　　這會(huì)造成不同的結(jié)果。re more likely to remember that it was an accident. Theya