【正文】 39。39。39。39。39。39。39。39。39。39。39。39。39。39。re not empty vessels。s quite difficult to shift those.
　　有個難題是 人們對事物運作的方式一旦有了成見 就很難去改變
　　So weamp。s one of the difficult things is that when people have preconceptions of how it all works, itamp。re trying to do a digital switchover of the whole population into digital technology [for television].
　　例如，在英國，我們試著把全部的電視 都換成新科技的數(shù)位電視
　　And itamp。t shifted your ideas of how the world and universe operates, either. But this applies, equally, to matters of trying to sell new technology.
　　我大概沒有改變大家的想法 對于世界和宇宙到底如何運作 不過這些道理同樣可以用在推銷新科技上也
　　For example, we are, in Britain, weamp。t be able to shift them, right?
　　他們生來就有自己的想法和理念 如果你沒從這些地方著手，就改變不了他們 對吧?
　　And I probably havenamp。的說法 就是有點像英國掌璽大臣會說的 意思是說孩童不是空無一物的瓶子
　　They e with their own ideas and their own theories, and unless you work with those, then you wonamp。 would have it, this is a bit Lord Privy Seal to say so, but this is children are not empty vessels.
　　所以，孩童不是空瓶子 用”。Monty Pythonamp。s amateur, but amateur in the best sense, in other words, the root of the word being of love and passion.
　　舊金山探索館在這點做得非常好 看上去很業(yè)余，但業(yè)余得很對頭 也就是說，根本的出發(fā)點是出自愛和熱情
　　So, children are not empty vessels, OK?So, as amp。t an extra barrier of a piece of glass or machined titanium, and it all looks fantastic, OK?
　　我舉一個例子，離這里很近，舊金山探索館 在那里所有的東西，展示品之類的 都是用孩子能懂的日常用品做成的 都可以動手玩，孩子們可以專心玩好好體驗 我知道麻省理工畢業(yè)生 以及倫敦帝國學院畢業(yè)生 手上有電池電線點亮燈泡的話 他們會明白其中的原理 而不是覺得他們照著電路圖來做是做不到的 好的教學方法不是 沉溺陶醉在自己世界里對吧? 那些東西也不該被隔著 用玻璃或是鈦制品隔開 看起來很漂亮就好，好嗎?
　　And the Exploratorium does that really, really well. And itamp。t do it. So good interpretation is more about things that are bodged and stuffed and of my world, right? And things that where there isnamp。s very handson, and they can engage with, and experiment with. And I know that if the graduates at MIT and in the Imperial College in London had had the battery and the wire and the bit of stuff, and you know, been able to do it, they would have learned how it actually works, rather than thinking that they follow circuit diagrams and canamp。ll use an example from nearby is San Francisco Exploratorium, where all the things that the demonstrations, and so on, are made out of everyday objects that children can understand, itamp。 這其中沒有熱情，沒有動手參與，是嗎 這是個雙關，不過也有好的教學方法
　　Whereas good interpretation Iamp。s not hands on, right, and, you know, pun intended.
　　類似教學中心，這些圖取自法國維葉特科博館 以及倫敦科博館的迎賓翼展示區(qū) 你看看這些東西建成的模樣 有很多玻璃隔板，藍光色調(diào)，弄得很專業(yè)似的 那種方式，就像是伍迪艾倫從床單里冒出來 在《安妮霍爾》戲中的那一幕 他說”。s no passion in it, and itamp。t thereamp。 And that you donamp。s so professional.amp。God, thatamp。 and said, amp。Annie Hall,amp。s very blue, and kind of professional in that way that, you know, Woody Allen es up from under the sheets in that scene in amp。s a lot of mediation by glass, and itamp。ll have a dig at the Europeans. These are examples of what I would say is bad practice in science teaching centers.
　　所以我現(xiàn)在人在美國，就會說歐洲人的壞話 這些圖片都是我認為不良的科學教育
　　These pictures are from La Villette in France and the wele wing of the Science Museum in London. And, if you look at the, kind of the way these things are constructed, thereamp。m in the United States, Iamp。t it really? As we say.
　　因為弄成這種視角 如果你腦中有了這種誤解 用二度空間來呈現(xiàn)三度空間就會變成橢圓形 這真是糟糕，可不是嗎?
　　So, these mental models we look for evidence that reinforces our models. We do this, of course, with matters of race, and politics, and everything else, and we do it in science as well. So we look, just look and scientists do it, constantly we look for evidence that reinforces our models, and some folks are just all too