【正文】
。quot。quot。
　　重點(diǎn)是你說的語言 如何形塑出你的思考。How could I think differently?amp。 amp。Why do I think the way that I do?amp。s how the language that you speak shapes the way that you think. And that gives you the opportunity to ask, amp。
　　Itamp。s about how you think.
　　最后，我想留下一點(diǎn)讓各位思考。s not about how people elsewhere think. Itamp。ve told you about how speakers of different languages think differently, but of course, thatamp。
　　I want to leave you with this final thought. Iamp。
　　And the even worse news is that right now, almost everything we know about the human mind and human brain is based on studies of usually American Englishspeaking undergraduates at universities.
　　更糟的消息是，現(xiàn)在，幾乎所有我們對于人類心智和人類大腦的知識都是來自于針對說英文的美國大學(xué)生 所做的研究。39。39。re losing so much of this linguistic diversity all the time.
　　我們還能創(chuàng)造更多── 當(dāng)然，語言是活的， 我們可以去磨它、改變它， 來符合我們的需求。
　　And we can create many more languages, of course, are living things, things that we can hone and change to suit our needs. The tragic thing is that weamp。
　　Now, the beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is. Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000 there are 7,000 languages spoken around the world.
　　語言多樣性之美在于它能向我們揭示 人類心智是多么巧妙和有彈性。我最后舉的例子，
　　I gave you an example of how language can shape things that have personal weight to us ideas like blame and punishment or eyewitness memory. These are important things in our daily lives.
　　說明語言能形塑對我們 有個人意義的事物── 象是責(zé)怪及懲罰這類想法， 或是目擊證詞。s a lot of finally,
　　那意味著，語言能形塑你如何思考 任何能用名詞來命名的事物。re thinking about anything that can be named by a noun. Thatamp。
　　That means language can shape how youamp。
　　Language can have really broad effects. So the case of grammatical gender may be a little silly, but at the same time, grammatical gender applies to all nouns.
　　語言的影響也可能很廣。
　　These are really simple, basic, perceptual decisions. We make thousands of them all the time, and yet, language is getting in there and fussing even with these tiny little perceptual decisions that we make.
　　這些是很簡單、基本、感知的決策。 當(dāng)然，如果你不會計數(shù)， 你不會做代數(shù)， 你就完全做不到象是建造這間房間這一類的事情，
　　or make this broadcast, right? This little trick of number words gives you a stepping stone into a whole cognitive can also have really early effects, what we saw in the case of color.
　　也無法做這場轉(zhuǎn)播，對吧? 數(shù)字字詞的小小計倆， 能給你一個墊腳石， 進(jìn)入認(rèn)知的國度。39。39。39。 語言的影響也可能很深── 可參考計數(shù)的例子。39。ve given you a few examples of how language can profoundly shape the way we think, and it does so in a variety of ways. So language can have big effects, like we saw with space and time,
　　我已經(jīng)舉了幾個例子， 說明語言如何能 深深形塑我們的思考方式， 而影響的方法有很多種。
　　Now, Iamp。 The language guides our reasoning about events.
　　你可以看這件關(guān)于花瓶的罪行， 你會懲罰某個人多一些， 你會責(zé)怪他多一些， 若我說「他打破了它」， 而不是「它破了」。It broke.amp。 as opposed to, amp。He broke it,amp。 even though you can witness it yourself, you can watch the video,
　　如果是說英文的情況， 我剛讓你看到有人打破了花瓶， 我說：「他打破了花瓶」 而不是說：「花瓶破了」， 即使你自己可以親眼看見， 你可以看監(jiān)視影片，
　　you can watch the crime against the vase, you will punish someone more, you will blame someone more if I just said, amp。The vase broke,amp。 as opposed to amp。He broke the vase,amp。
　　So if you take English speakers and I just show you someone breaking a vase, and I say, amp。 當(dāng)然，在目擊證人證詞方面， 這是值得深思的。 他們比較會記住意圖。39。39。39。他打破了花瓶。quot。He did it。
　　So we show the same accident to English speakers and Spanish speakers, English speakers will remember who did it, because English requires you to say, amp。
　　Now, this has consequences. So, people who speak different languages will pay attention to different things, depending on what their language usually requires them to do.
　　這是會造成不同結(jié)果的。t use that construction unless you are a lunatic and you went out looking to break your arm and you succeeded. If it was an accident, you would use a different construction.
　　在許多語言中， 你不會用那種句法結(jié)構(gòu)， 除非你是瘋子， 然后你跑出去想辦法 把你的手臂弄斷且你成功了?！?br />　　Now, in lots of