【正文】 I could have passed, but I did not study hard ，但是沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)。含有對過去的動作的責(zé)備、批評。情態(tài)動詞無人稱變化，在句子中和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。三、情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。二、有些動詞后面接一個介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成短語。By the time John gets home, his aunt have have left leaving（答案：C）（1995年25題）I _____ writing the article by the time you get finish have finished finished have finished（答案：D）（2000年24題）十、現(xiàn)在完成進行時：表示從過去某時一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個動作，這個動作一般會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，或是到說話時結(jié)束，但是強調(diào)到說話時為止一直在做的動作。過去完成時常用在no sooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…，一…就…。這個過去的某一時間可用by, before等介詞或連詞引導(dǎo)的短語或一個從句來表示。）have（has）been to 和have（has）gone to 的區(qū)別have（has）been to：去過某地（表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷），可以和once，twice，often，never，ever 連用。（1）He has _____ the army for ten years and is now an into in in into（答案：C。）表示過去某時開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能會繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去（常用since引導(dǎo)的短語或從句，或由for 引導(dǎo)的短語連用）。七、現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作剛剛結(jié)束（常和just, now, already, yet等詞連用）；或表示動作的結(jié)果（一般不用時間狀語）。）（1998年43題）（2）When you _____ this over with her, you should not see her any talk （答案為B）（1999年35題）（3）One of the guards _____ when the general came in, which made him very slept sleeping C, slept sleeping（答案為D）（1996年23題）過去進行時表示過去將來的動作。常需用表示過去的時間狀語或通過上下文來判斷時間。例：The teacher is talking with his 。（2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan 。be about to +動詞原形：表示即將發(fā)生的動作。例：He will e and help 。）（1995年59題）used to do sth：過去常常做…例：I used to take a walk in the 。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。有些表示心理狀態(tài)或感情的動詞往往用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：He goes to work every 。：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動作或獲得的經(jīng)驗。例如：.Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted ，聽眾就打斷了他。(7)動詞think, want, hope, mean, plan，intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。例如：.He said that he had known her 。(4)在含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，如果敘述的是過去的事，先發(fā)生的動作常用過去完成時。(3)敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后，反過來追述或補述以前發(fā)生的動作時，常使用過去完成時。如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the ，我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。This is the first time(that)I39。.I’ve had this book for three 。He has read this book ：。如： I have learned English for 5 has lived in Beijing since he was ：(1)for和since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語的區(qū)別: for + 一段時間, since + 一點時間從句(從句中常用一般過去時)。Have you seen the doctor yet?你看過醫(yī)生了嗎?注：already和yet用法上的區(qū)別already常用于肯定句，置于句中。例如：He is going to visit her aunt t when he arrives in ，就去看他姨媽。2)常用的時間狀語有soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by thistime，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如：She39。難點釋疑：when作并列連詞，表示“(這時)突然”之意時，第一個并列分句用過去進行時，when引導(dǎo)的并列分句用一般過去時。, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。)，這樣的動詞有：get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：We are waiting for 。ll write to you as soon as I arrive ，就寫信給你。When does the bus star? It stars in ten ?十分鐘后。4)be about to +動詞原形，意為馬上做某事。，即將做某事。d rather you came 。It is time that sth.“時間已遲了”“早該……了”例如It is time you went to 。例如：時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago，the other day, in 1982等。例如：I don39。例如： Pride goes before a 。2)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。 this law is not without humor by today’s standards, it clearly shows an awareness of the problem in times gone ，但它卻表明很久以前人們就已經(jīng)估計到這一點了。 analysts suggest that this added pressure disproportionately touches the women, who already carry major responsibility for their own ，對于那些已經(jīng)承擔(dān)了繁重的養(yǎng)兒育女責(zé)任的婦女們來說，這無疑是雪上加霜。 more mon belief is tips were first given in the 18th century 。 what people say hides their real 。 all advertising of alcohol should be banned and pensation paid to families of alcoholics who die of the liver ，對于那些因喝酒導(dǎo)致生病，最終死亡的人應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償。 method of capital punishment varies from nation to 。 most jobs take only a year and a half to master, in order to continue learning, they have to make a job ，為了繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，他們就會調(diào)換工作。前面的虛擬條件句是對過去情況的一種假設(shè)，謂語用過去完成時態(tài)，故主句用would have done 這種形式。有教養(yǎng)的孩子往往都是家長培養(yǎng)教育的結(jié)果。這句話是說：那個接待員，其工作是接電話，他得了喉炎。 but for… 要不是因為…；介詞短語代替條件從句的用法。你的行為令人感到震驚，你應(yīng)當(dāng)為此感到羞愧；be ashamed of … 為…感到羞愧。upset 難過的，不安的； bored 令（人）cooking oil 是不可數(shù)名詞，另外根據(jù)境可知：這個句子又表示肯定的含義，（若選C則表示否定含義，即一點也沒有找到）所以選擇A選項。前面的虛擬條件句是對過去情況的一種假設(shè)，謂語用過去完成時態(tài)，故主句用would have done 這種形式。有教養(yǎng)的孩子往往都是家長培養(yǎng)教育的結(jié)果。這句話是說：那個接待員，其工作是接電話，他得了喉炎。 but for… 要不是因為…；介詞短語代替條件從句的用法。 你的行為令人感到震驚，你應(yīng)當(dāng)為此感到羞愧；be ashamed of … 為…感到羞愧。 cooking oil 是不可數(shù)名詞，另外根據(jù)境可知：這個句子又表示肯定的含義，（若選C則表示否定含義，即一點也沒有找到）所以選擇A選項。當(dāng)時要不是他姐姐的幫助，我就不能完成那項工作。這道題考時態(tài)，考語序，However much the dictionary costs：不管這本詞典花多少錢。這是一個非限制性定語從句，定的是前面的一句話，這種情況下用which來引導(dǎo)。upset 難過的，不安的； bored 令（人）厭煩； disturbed 打擾，擾亂，弄亂；neglected 忽視，忽略。 assure 使確信，向…保證； promise 承諾； ensure 確保，賦予； trust 信任；I can assure … 我敢說…，我打保票…。 privacy個人，隱私； exclusiveness 隔絕、排外的意思； individual 個人的； quiet 安靜的； in the ____ of your own house,在你自己的房子里面，這里顯然應(yīng)該需要用名詞，故只可能用privacy。 下面表示轉(zhuǎn)折，當(dāng)然你可以決定不接電話，如果是這樣你的電話就會不停的響，不得不聽電話像傻瓜似的無休止的的響下去。 在我看來，所有的電話都是錯誤的電話。這句意思是說你會不會身上的水還滴著或是嘴里還嚼著飯就從浴室或飯桌上匆忙出來。 文章說：你做不到不去理會電話，因為你可能會想到會不會有些什么重要的新聞或是消息要告訴你。 文章意思說：你能意志強到這份兒上，電話響了卻不理會它，還對自言自語說“唉，沒有辦法，一百年都是這樣。（二）If you have a telephone in your own house you will admit that it 21 to ring when you least want it to ringwhen you are asleep, or 22 a meal or a conversation, or when you are 23 going out, or when you are 24 your you strong minded 25 to ignore(不理)it , to say to yourself, “Ah, well, it will all be the same in 26 time?” You are think there 27 some important news or message 28 you never rushed 29 from the bath, or chewing from the table or dazed from the bed, 30 that you are a wrong 31 ? You were told the all telephone numbers are wrong , of course, your telephone rings and you decide 33 it, then you will have to listen to an idiotic bell ringing and ringing in 34 is supposed to be the 35 of your own 36 buy a bicycle bell and ring it you 37 the telephone when it rings, and suppose that, for once, somebody has an important message for can 38 you that if a message is really important it will 39 you sooner or of the proverb: “Ill news travels apace.” I must say good news seems to travel 40 the middle of on the point hundred years’ hundred year’s hundred year hundred years be be to be to be dripped dripped to tell to be told to tell to be told