【正文】 (4) Set a thief to catch a thief. 以賊捉賊， 以毒攻毒。 To fish in troubled waters (4) 有其父必有其子。 Man proposes, god disposes. Liberal translation Some English proverbs are influenced by culture and history background. So if we use literal translation, the meaning or style may be changed and it is difficult to understand the original proverbs. Therefore, liberal translation can be used to avoid these phenomena. . if “Achilles’ heel” is translated into “阿克勒斯的腳后跟 .” Most people cannot understand its meaning. But if it is translated in “唯一致命弱點(diǎn) .” It can be accepted by most people. Such examples are: (1) In fair weather prepare for the foul. “晴天要防陰天 ”is not better than “有備無(wú)患 ”or “居安思危 ” (2) Murder will out. “謀殺終于敗露” is not better than“紙包不住火”（申閆春，韓江紅，張新民， 1998： 13） (3) 此地?zé)o銀三百兩。 therefore the ultimate goal of translation, from the effects of its audience, any evaluation of translation is the most fundamental factors. Therefore, when translating an English proverb into Chinese。 so many English proverbs are about “sea” “fish” “ship” and so on. While many Chinese proverbs are about agriculture, such as “豆” “雪” “倉(cāng)” “地” etc. Each nation has its own history. Since proverbs are historical products. They may reflect some aspects of the national history. English proverbs are related to the history of England. .: (1) It is hard to please a knave as a knight (A knight refers to a man given the rank of knighthood by the British monarch .There are many legends about the English knights in the ancient times.) (2) From whipping post to pillory. (A whipping post is a post to which a person was tied for a public whipping and a pillory is a wooden framework with three holes into which the head and hands of an offender were locked, exposing him to public abuse and ridicule. China has a long history. There is thousands of year’s feudal society in China. 16 People were bonded by the rank of class. The rulers exploit and bully the people cruelly. There are many Chinese proverbs about feudal and gender discrimination. .: (1) 只許州官放火，不許百姓點(diǎn)燈。 (3) 人勤地不懶。 English and Chinese people have different faith. Different religions lead to the differences between English and Chinese proverbs. Christianity is the main religion in Englishspeaking countries, so many English proverbs are related to “God” while Chinese people believe in Buddhism and Taoism, and many Chinese proverbs are about “佛” and“道” . Reflecting different geography and history customs A nation’s geographical environment is a framework in which a language and culture have been developing. The geographical features of a country are inevitably reflected in the national language in general and proverbs in particular. England is an island country and located in the western seaside of Europe. English people live by seaside and their life cannot do without sailing and fishing. So many English proverbs are related to sea and sailing. .: (1) The best fish smell when they are three days old. 15 (2) All at sea. (3) Being on the sea, sail。 (3) 泥菩薩過(guò)河，自身難保。 Although many people raise dogs as their pets in recent years, their values may have changed a lot. However, its negative image has deeply rooted in the Chinese culture. Chinese people like cat, they use cat to figure greedy, usually means intimate. But in the west culture, people usually regard cat as evil heart women. When speak of the “owl” westerners regard owl as wisdom. . “as wise as an owl” (像貓頭鷹一樣聰明 ). However, Chinese people have different concepts about it. They think that when one heard the sound of owl, he will have a bad luck. There was a word :“夜貓子進(jìn)宅” .It means something bad will happen in the house. Above all, we see that in different cultures people may have pletely different ideas about the same thing. Reflecting different thinking habits Because of the different culture backgrounds and living customs. There shaped the different thinking habits. In the rhetorical devices, Chinese and west people usually use different images: In the west, Helen was regarded as beauty, but in China, Xi Shi is the symbol of beauty. Westerners praise horses and west wind in their poems, because they advocate the challenge between human and nature. But Chinese people 13 prefer to praise Confucianism and east wind. They think human beings and nature can be bined to a whole unit. These concepts are deeply rooted in those two nations. No one can change them easily.（金惠康， 2021： 421） When “as strong as a horse” was translated as “壯如?！? （金惠康， 2021：421） . It may be equal in meaning. In the history of west countries, war broke out frequently. And horses are very important. People cannot live without them. There was a proverb in Shakespeare’s work: “A horse for a kingdom”. However, in Chinese history there was little invasion and people lead a happy life. Cows were regarded as their working tools. In China and the west, cows and horses were their own important daily tools. So we cannot translate “as strong as a horse” into “壯如馬 ”. Different history backgrounds shaped different thinking habits. .: (1) Two heads are better than one. 三個(gè)臭皮匠，頂過(guò)諸葛亮。 (2) 狗眼看人低。 (3) The burnt child dreads the fire. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩。 Gorky said that, “the true art is authorized to exaggerate.” Hyperbole is an exaggeration used to give emphasis and strike the readers deeply. .: (1) A thousand years can not repair a moment’s loss of honor. (2) It was the last straw that broke the camel’s back. (3) 谷子 栽得稀 ，不夠喂小雞。 (3) A good friend is as the sun in winter. (4) A black plum is as sweet as a white. Metaphor is a figure of speech, which concisely pares two things by saying that one is the other. It does not literally denote in order to imply a resemblance. .: (1) Time is father of truth. (2) Failure is the mother of success. (3) 一寸光陰一寸金。 (5) 人心齊泰