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2023年 2月 8日星期三 8時(shí) 58分 20秒 08:58:208 February 2023 1一個(gè)人即使已登上頂峰,也仍要自強(qiáng)不息。勝人者有力,自勝者強(qiáng)。 , February 8, 2023 閱讀一切好書如同和過去最杰出的人談話。 2023年 2月 8日星期三 上午 8時(shí) 58分 20秒 08:58: 1楚塞三湘接,荊門九派通。 08:58:2023:58:2023:582/8/2023 8:58:20 AM 1成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小小努力的積累。 2023年 2月 上午 8時(shí) 58分 :58February 8, 2023 1行動(dòng)出成果,工作出財(cái)富。 :58:2023:58Feb238Feb23 1故人江海別,幾度隔山川。員工會(huì)知道怎么去做 —知道怎么相互合作 —因?yàn)闃?biāo)準(zhǔn)的操作程序告訴了他們?cè)撟鍪裁?。協(xié)調(diào)的辦法包括標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、計(jì)劃和相互調(diào)整。 matrix survival skills 矩陣生存技能 1. The top executive must learn to balance power and emphasis between the product and functional 品和職能兩個(gè)方向上平衡權(quán)力和重心。 Disadvantages缺點(diǎn) It is difficult to coordinate across product lines and divisions. And, although managers learn to bee generalists, they may not acquire the depth of functional expertise that develops in the functional 、跨事業(yè)部的協(xié)調(diào)工作變得困難,雖然管理者成為通才,他們或許缺乏在職能型結(jié)構(gòu)中深入的職能專業(yè)知識(shí)。這樣,不同的事業(yè)部幾乎作為單獨(dú)的企業(yè)或利潤(rùn)中心來運(yùn)作,獨(dú)立自主為完成整個(gè)公司的目標(biāo)而努力。 2 The divisional anization 事業(yè)部型組織 Divisional anization Departmentalization that groups units around products, customers, or geographic regions. 事業(yè)部型組織:按照產(chǎn)品、顧客或地理區(qū)域來組織部門結(jié)構(gòu)。 The disadvantages缺點(diǎn) 1. People may care more about their own function than about the pany as a whole, and their attention to functional tasks may make them lose focus on overall product quality and customer satisfaction. 員工可能更關(guān)心他們自己的職能,而不關(guān)心公司整體的利益,他們對(duì)職能性工作的關(guān)注可能會(huì)妨礙對(duì)產(chǎn)品整體質(zhì)量和顧客滿意度的重視程度。 In a functional anization, jobs (and departments) are specialized and grouped according to business functions and the skills they require: production, marketing, human resources, research and development, finance, accounting, and so (和部門)按企業(yè)的職能和它們所需要的技能被劃分和組織起來:生產(chǎn)、營(yíng)銷、人力資源、開發(fā)與研究、財(cái)務(wù)、會(huì)計(jì)等等。在集權(quán)組織里,重要決策通常由最高層作出;在分權(quán)組織里,較低層級(jí)有權(quán)作出更多的決策。 3. The anization also receives payoffs. Allowing managers to devote more time to important managerial functions while lowerlevel employees carry out assignments means that jobs are done in a more efficient and costeffective manner. 組織也能夠得到益處。授權(quán)也許是管理最基本的特征之一,因?yàn)樗构ぷ饔伤送瓿?。?dāng)( 1)工作定義明確,不模糊;( 2)下屬訓(xùn)練有素,能夠獲得信息;( 3)管理者非常能干;( 4)工作類似,有可比較的業(yè)績(jī)衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn);( 5)下屬喜歡有一定的自由度,不希望被監(jiān)督控制時(shí),跨度可能較寬。大的管理跨度使組織扁平,層次較少。 An authority structure is the glue that holds these levels together. Generally, people at higher levels have the authority to make decisions and to tell lowerlevel people what to 一起來的主線。 2 Hierarchical levels層級(jí)水平 The CEO occupies the top position and is the senior member of top management. The top managerial level also includes presidents and vice presidents. These are the strategic managers in charge of the entire anization. CEO占據(jù) 了最上面的位置,是高層管理者中的高級(jí)成員。組織的業(yè)績(jī)由首席執(zhí)行官直接對(duì)董事會(huì)和所有者負(fù)責(zé)。 and (3) assuring ethical, socially responsible, and legal 行三大類職能 : 1)選擇、評(píng)估、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)或更換CEO; 2)決定公司的戰(zhàn)略方向,檢查公司的財(cái)務(wù)狀況; 3)確保道德的、對(duì)社會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)的、合法的行為。但是股東人數(shù)眾多,他們通常缺乏及時(shí)的信息,只有極少數(shù)人直接參與到組織的直接管理當(dāng)中。 1. Authority in anizations 組織中的職權(quán) Authority The legitimate right to make decisions and to tell other people what to do. 職權(quán):法定的制定決策權(quán)和告訴其他人做什么的權(quán)力。一體化以及與其相關(guān)的概念協(xié)調(diào),指的是連接組織中各個(gè)部分以實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)整體使命的程序和步驟。 Integration一體化 Integration The degree to which differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts. 一體化:差異化工作單位一起工作和協(xié)調(diào)他們工作的程度。 Secretaries and accountants specialize in, and perform, different jobs。 Differentiation差異化 Differentiation An aspect of the anization’ s internal environment created by job specialization and the division of labor. 差異化:組織的內(nèi)部環(huán)境的一個(gè)方面,由工作專業(yè)化和勞動(dòng)分工而產(chǎn)生。 titles in the boxes show the work performed by each 。本章對(duì)組織中的有關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了較全面的介紹,本章的主要內(nèi)容包括:組織的基礎(chǔ);縱向結(jié)構(gòu);橫向結(jié)構(gòu);組織一體化。 第一節(jié): Fundamentals of anizing組織的基礎(chǔ) Organization chart The reporting structure