【正文】 owing superiorsubordinate 線注明了匯報和職權關系，顯示了上下級的聯(lián)系。 similarly, marketing, finance, and human resources tasks are divided among those respective 而從事不同的工作；與此類似，營銷、財務、和人力資源工作被劃分為不同的部門。 Integration is achieve through structural mechanisms that enhance collaboration and coordination. Any job activity that links different work units performs an integrative function. Remember, the more highly differentiated your firm, the greater the need for integration among the different 制實現(xiàn)。股東選出董事來監(jiān)督組織。 The top management team 高層管理團隊 Increasingly, CEOs share their authority with other key members of the top management team. Top management teams are typically prised of the CEO, president, chief operating officer, chief financial officer, and other key executives. Rather than make critical decisions on their own, CEOs regularly meet their top management teams to make decisions as a unit. 現(xiàn)在越來越多的情況是由 CEO與高層管理團隊的其他關鍵成員共享權力。通常在更高層級的人有權做出決策并告訴低一層次的人該做什么。 4 Delegation授權 Delegation The assignment of new or additional responsibilities to a subordinate. 授權：將新的或另外的責任分派給下屬。允許管理者把更多的時間投入重要的管理職能，而讓低層雇員執(zhí)行分配的任務，這意味著以更有效的方式進行工作。 Functional departmentalization is mon in both large and small anizations. Large panies may anize along several different functional groupings. For example, Carmike Cinema has vice presidents of finance, real estate, operations, advertising, information systems, technical, and 門結構在大公司和小公司里都很普遍。 As anization grow and bee increasingly diversified, they find that functional departments have difficulty managing a wide variety of products, customers, and geographic regions. In this case, anizations may restructure in order to group all functions into a single division, and duplicate each of the functions across all of the divisions. Division A has its own operations and marketing department, Division B has its own operations and marketing department, and so on. In this regard, separate divisions may act almost as separate businesses or profit centers and work autonomously to acplish the goals of the entire enterprise. 當組織增長并變得日益多樣化時，職能型組織已不足以應付多種多樣的產(chǎn)品、顧客和地理區(qū)域。 customer and geographical divisions顧客和地域型事業(yè)部 Some panies build divisions around groups of customers or around geographical distinctions. A hospital may anize its services around child, adult, psychiatric, and emergency cases. 一些公司依靠顧客或地理區(qū)域建立事業(yè)部。 1. Coordination by standardization通過標準化協(xié)調(diào) Standardization Establishing mon rules and procedures that apply uniformly to everyone. 標準化：建立對每個人同樣適應的普遍的規(guī)則和程序。 08:58:2023:58:2023:58Wednesday, February 8, 2023 1乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。 :58:2023:58Feb238Feb23 1世間成事，不求其絕對圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。 08:58:2023:58:2023:582/8/2023 8:58:20 AM 1越是沒有本領的就越加自命不凡。 上午 8時 58分 20秒 上午 8時 58分 08:58: MOMODA POWERPOINT Lorem ipsum dolor sit, eleifend nulla ac, fringilla purus. Nulla iaculis tempor felis amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fusce id urna blanditut cursus. 感謝您的下載觀看 專家告訴 。 08:58:2023:58:2023:58Wednesday, February 8, 2023 1知人者智，自知者明。 :58:2023:58:20February 8, 2023 1意志堅強的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。 2023年 2月 8日星期三 上午 8時 58分 20秒 08:58: 1比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。 Standardization constrains actions and integrates various units by regulating what people do. People often know how to act– and know how to interact– because there are standard operating procedures that spell out what they should 限制行為并通過規(guī)定員工該做什么來整合不同的單位。 3 The matrix anization 矩陣型組織 Matrix anization An anization posed of dual reporting relationships in which some managers report to two superiors—a functional manager and a divisional manager. 矩陣型組織：由兩