organizationstructure組織結(jié)構(gòu)-免費閱讀
【正文】 2023年 2月 8日星期三 上午 8時 58分 20秒 08:58: 1最具挑戰(zhàn)性的挑戰(zhàn)莫過于提升自我。 2023年 2月 8日星期三 8時 58分 20秒 08:58:208 February 2023 1空山新雨后，天氣晚來秋。 上午 8時 58分 20秒 上午 8時 58分 08:58: 沒有失敗，只有暫時停止成功！。 , February 8, 2023 雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。這意味著當(dāng)接受到多重命令時要進(jìn)行優(yōu)先排序，有時還要協(xié)調(diào)沖突的命令。 Advantages 優(yōu)點 1. Information needs are managed more 。 they bee specialists, but not ，卻對其他經(jīng)營領(lǐng)域缺乏了解；他們成為專家，而不是通才。直接與問題或機(jī)遇接觸的層級擁有最相關(guān)的信息，能夠最好的預(yù)測到?jīng)Q策的結(jié)果。 2. Delegation essentially gives the subordinate a more important job. The subordinate acquires an opportunity to develop new skills and to demonstrate potential for additional responsibilities and perhaps promotion. In essence, the subordinate receives a vital form of onthe job training that could pay off in the ，使下屬有機(jī)會發(fā)展新技能，為日后承擔(dān)更大的責(zé)任或晉升積累資本。（ 2）也沒有小到產(chǎn)生過度控制和過多的管理者監(jiān)督少量的下屬的程度。這些是掌管著整個組織的戰(zhàn)略管理者 The second broad level is middle management. At this level, managers are in charge of plants or departments第二大類是中層管理者，在這一層級上，管理者主管工廠或部門?，F(xiàn)在，大多數(shù)公司外部董事占了絕大多數(shù)。 Authority resides in positions rather than in 。組織中所有的專業(yè)化工作任務(wù)都不可能獨立的完成。 Differentiation is created through division of labor and job specialization. Division of labor means that the work of the anization is subdivided into smaller tasks. Various individuals and units throughout the anization perform different tasks. Specialization, in turn, refers to the fact that different people or groups often perform specific parts of the entire task 差異化由勞動分工和專業(yè)化分工而產(chǎn)生，勞動分工意味著組織中的工作被分為更小的工作任務(wù)，由企業(yè)中的不同個人和單位完成不同的任務(wù)。 The chart provides a picture of the reporting structure and the various activities that are carried out by different 構(gòu)和不同個體執(zhí)行的不同任務(wù)。 The traditional anization chart boxes represent different 作。專業(yè)化指不同的個人或單位只負(fù)責(zé)完成整個工作任務(wù)中的某些特定部分。因為這些不同的單位都是某個更大組織的一部分，它們之間必然存在著某種程度的溝通和合作。 The board of directors董事會 In corporations, the owners are the stockholders. But because there are numerous stockholders, and these individuals generally lack timely information, few are directly involved in managing the anization. Stockholders elect a board of directors to oversee the 公司里，股東是所有者。 The chief executive officer 首席執(zhí)行官 The authority officially vested in the board of directors is assigned to a chief executive officer, who occupies the top of the anizational pyramid. The chief executive is personally accountable to the board and to the owners for the anization’ s 位于組織金字塔的最頂層，由董事會授權(quán)行使權(quán)利。 The lowest level is made up of lower management and workers. It includes office managers, sales managers, supervisors, and other firstline managers, as well as the employees最低層級由更低一層的管理人員和工人組成，包括辦公室管理者、銷售管理者、主管和其他一線管理者，還包括雇員。 The optimal span of control depends on a number of factors. The span should be wider when (1) the work is clearly defined and unambiguous, (2)subordinates are highly trained and have access to information, (3) the manager is highly capable and supportive, (4) jobs are similar and performance measures are parable, and (5) subordinates prefer autonomy to close supervisory control 理想的管理跨度依賴于一些因素。下屬相當(dāng)于接受了一次在將來能夠受益的在職培訓(xùn)。這些管理者們也看到了分權(quán)的方法能使人們更及時的行動起來 第三節(jié)： the horizontal structure 橫向結(jié)構(gòu) 1 The functional anization 職能型組織 Functional anization Departmentalization around specialized activities, such as production, marketing, human resources, etc. 職能型組織：按照專門的活動（職能）來組織部門結(jié)構(gòu)，比如生產(chǎn)、營銷、人力資源等。 3. Between functions, conflicts arise, and munication and coordination fall 能之間，沖突增加了，溝通和協(xié)調(diào)降低了。 2. People have a fulltime mitment to a particular product 力投入 3. Task responsibilities are 明晰 4. People receive broader 受更廣泛的培訓(xùn)。 第四節(jié)： Organizational integration組織一體化
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