【正文】 七十年代越南爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭，北越與南越開戰(zhàn)，美國為阻止蘇聯(lián)和共產(chǎn)勢力擴張，毅然介入越戰(zhàn)。 1969年，美國太空人在月球上豎起國旗冷戰(zhàn)期間，蘇聯(lián)大力發(fā)展太空科技，派出了全球首個太空人加加林上太空。s address to the people of Berlin. Rudolph Wilde Platz, West Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.Ich bin ein Berliner.Under simultaneous and opposing pressures from the Allies and the Soviets, Germany was divided. The Berlin Wall separated West and East Berlin, the latter being under the control of the Soviets. On June 26, 1963, Kennedy visited West Berlin and gave a public speech criticizing munism. Kennedy used the construction of the Berlin Wall as an example of the failures of munism: Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect, but we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in. The speech is known for its famous phrase Ich bin ein Berliner. Nearly fivesixths of the population was on the street when Kennedy said the famous phrase. He remarked to aides afterwards: We39。美國藉著其經(jīng)濟和軍事力量，成為世界頭號大國，與蘇聯(lián)平起平坐，并引發(fā)了冷戰(zhàn)。Created Equal: Act I Scene 3 Spirit of 1776: Boston (Federal Theater Project, 1935).NRA (National Recovery Administration) member: We Do Our Part19421945東亞及太平洋戰(zhàn)場戰(zhàn)局1942年中途島海戰(zhàn)后，盟軍扭轉(zhuǎn)了戰(zhàn)局，開始發(fā)動反攻，1945年，美國在日本投放了兩顆原子彈，蘇軍也加入了對日作戰(zhàn)，并很快殲滅關(guān)東軍，占領(lǐng)中國東北和北朝鮮；中國軍隊（包括國共兩黨的軍隊）也轉(zhuǎn)入了局部反攻。通過國會制定了《緊急銀行法令》、《國家產(chǎn)業(yè)復(fù)興法》、《農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)整法》、《社會保障法案》等法案。Man sleeping in a Baltimore fish market in July 1938.Dorothea Lange39。城市中的無家可歸者用木板、舊鐵皮、油布甚至牛皮紙搭起了簡陋的棲身之所，這些小屋聚集的村落被稱為“胡佛村”。但美國股票市場崩潰不過是一場災(zāi)難深重的經(jīng)濟危機爆發(fā)的火山口。USA GDP annual pattern and longterm trend, 192040,in billions of constant dollars, based on data in Susan Carter, ed. Historical Statistics of the US: Millennial Edition (2006) series Ca9.Crowd gathering on Wall Street after the 1929 crash.Crowd at New York39。這場災(zāi)難使中歐和東歐許多國家的制度破產(chǎn)了：它導(dǎo)致了德國銀行家為了自保，而延期償還外債，進而也危及到了在德國有很大投資的英國銀行家。大蕭條的影響比歷史上任何一次經(jīng)濟衰退都要來得深遠。早期藍調(diào)主要表現(xiàn)黑人的悲慘境遇和底層生活狀態(tài)（藍調(diào)的英文原字Blue除了指『藍色』之外亦有『憂鬱』之意），大多比較凄苦。 爵士樂，是一種起源於非洲形成於美國的音樂形式。咆哮的二十年代（Roaring Twenties）是指北美地區(qū)（含美國和加拿大）20世紀20年代這一時期。然而新政卻沒有完全生效，美國經(jīng)濟直到第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后才徹底復(fù)蘇。終于股市在1929年大崩盤，隨之而來的是經(jīng)濟大恐慌。s leading industrial nation. The availability of land and labor, the diversity of climate, the ample presence of navigable canals, rivers, and coastal waterways filling the transportation needs of the emerging industrial economy, and the abundance of natural resources all fostered the cheap extraction of energy, fast transport, and the availability of capital that powered this Second Industrial Revolution.Henry Ford and the Quadricycle, 1905. Photo: Model T1913 Ford Model T assembly line福特T型車流水線The efficiency of the assembly line allowed Ford to realize great gains in economy and productivity。在十九世紀末期，美國已成為世界工業(yè)大國，并出現(xiàn)新的科技（如電報和貝塞麥(轉(zhuǎn)爐)煉鋼法），興建更大的鐵路網(wǎng)絡(luò)。1890年，最后一次戰(zhàn)斗屠殺了200多名蘇族人。一場為生存而戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)斗開發(fā)了，許多土著買了槍械，襲擊移民宅地、馬車隊、鐵路和美國騎兵。But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.5. 1865年—1918年的美國歷史內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后美國政府鼓勵民眾向西移民，還鼓勵修筑鐵路，連接西部至經(jīng)濟較發(fā)達的東岸地區(qū)。這群勇者，無論生死，曾于斯奮戰(zhàn)到底，早已使其神圣，而遠超過吾人卑微之力所能增減。吾等現(xiàn)相逢于此戰(zhàn)中一處浩大戰(zhàn)場。歐蘇利文(Timothy O39。First edition Uncle Tom39。其黑人之形狀也，鐵面銀牙，斜額如豬，直視如牛，滿兄長毛，手足深黑，蠢若羊豕，望之生畏。戴維斯為“總統(tǒng)”的政府，并驅(qū)逐駐扎南方的聯(lián)邦軍，而林肯下令攻打“叛亂”州。Growth 184050美國在十九世紀所獲得的領(lǐng)土American Progress by John Gast (circa 1872)celebrates . romantic nationalism in the form of westward expansion—an idea known as Manifest Destiny.Economic growth in America per capita ine The North River Steamboat (erroneously referred to as the Clermont), made its first trip from New York City north on the Hudson River to Albany on August 17, 1807.（18491865）Between the years 1849 and 1865, events that took place in the United States included the American Civil War and the turbulent years leading up to it, during which occurred many events that were critical in its origins.The nation underwent several economic and cultural changes as industrialization and the transportation revolution changed the economics of the north and west. Immigration also shifted the majority of the population further to the north and began a mass cultural change in the United States from the 1840s until the 1850s.Growth in the United States, 1850–60 To fill the new factory jobs, immigrants poured into the United States in the first mass wave of immigration in the 1840s and 1850s. Known as the period of old immigration, this time saw million immigrants e into the United States raising the overall population by 20 million people. The Union: blue, yellow, gray。1813年10月至1814年3月，英國在歐洲擊敗拿破侖，將更多的兵力增援北美戰(zhàn)場。美國正式向英國宣戰(zhàn)，但是英國軍隊的50%兵員是加拿大的民兵。 ⊙該文章轉(zhuǎn)自[歷史風(fēng)云網(wǎng)]：John Trumbull39。眾人不肯讓他走，堅決要樹立他為帝王。研究的結(jié)果是，他在 1848 年出版了亞洲第一部系統(tǒng)介紹世界地理的著作《瀛環(huán)志略》。起事勇於勝廣，割據(jù)雄于曹劉，既已提三尺劍，開疆萬里，乃不僭位號，不傳子孫，而創(chuàng)為推舉之法，幾於天下為公。決議文中寫道：“茲決議：合眾殖民地（United Colonies）為，亦應(yīng)是，自由獨立之國家，其免除自身對不列顛王室之擁戴；其與大不列顛國之一切政治聯(lián)系為，亦應(yīng)是，徹底無效。杰斐遜后據(jù)此謄錄了一份修訂版，由五人小組于1776年6月28日上呈大陸議會。李文斯頓（Robert R. Livingston）、康乃迪克州的羅杰起草與采用1776年6月，馬薩諸塞州的約翰 position quickly became untenable, and he surrendered his entire army of 7,000 men on October 19, 1781. 《美國獨立宣言》（United States Declaration of Independence），為北美洲十三個英屬殖民地宣告自大不列顛王國獨立，并宣明此舉正當(dāng)性之文告。Hardly a man is now aliveWho remembers that famous day and year. He said to his friend, If the British marchBy land or sea from the town tonight,Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry archOf the North Church tower as