【正文】 如果引用同一作者一年內(nèi)幾篇或幾本參考資料，就在年代后編序號，如：1999a, 1999b。）說明: 英語參考資料在前,漢語參考資料在后。杭州：杭州師范學(xué)院院報。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社。北京：北京大學(xué)出版社。上海：上海外語教育出版社。上海：上海外語教育出版社。 北岳文藝出版社。 later, its meaning was developed further, meaning carrying the American soldiers that died in the first world war back to their homeland, for America is to the west of continental Europe. 3 Factors for consideration in translating euphemisms As is mentioned above, many different factors, including rhetoric, stylistic and contextual ones and so on, may all affect the pragmatic inference of euphemism by its receiver and eventually the understanding and expressive effect of it. Therefore, it is advisable for the translator to attach great importance to these factors while paying constant attention to crosscultural differences in translating euphemisms. Here the author lists three elements deserving translators’ consideration. Stylistic factorWhile translating euphemisms, translators should always bear in mind the stylistic differences in rendering the same euphemism into different writing styles. A most obvious example is the translation of die or死. Die has at least seventy different expressions, such as perish, expire, emit the last breath, end one’s days, pass away, cross the Styx, return to the earth, slide into oblivion, to kick the bucket, to go to Nirvana, to pay the debt of nature, to join the choir invisible, etc. In correspondence, 死 also has more than 120 equivalents in Chinese, like 謝世, 徇情,犧牲, 斃命, 羽化, 圓寂, 夭折, 回老家, 添溝壑, 壽終正寢, 跨鶴西游, 嗚呼哀哉, 三長兩短, 馬革裹尸, 百年之后,地下修文, 山高水低, etc. while translating die in a formal style, one may have to avoid the diction of回老家, 翹辮子, 玩兒完, etc。 it is usually regarded improper and offensive to call people elder or higher in social status than oneself directly by their names。 then why they sometimes intentionally break this principle? In answering this question, Brown and Levinson advanced the politeness principle (PP) in 1978 and 1987. According to this principle, the inflexion and indirectness of speech stem from the need of acmodating politeness in conversation. Euphemisms are equivalents of those blunt expressions and taboos。沖一沖也好?！辟Z母說“可是呢。11 iiiIntroduction （Times New Roman 四號） As a popular figurative speech, euphemisms are widely used in both Chinese and English literal works, newspapers and magazines。84 Conclusion (Times New Roman, 四號)5 Pragmatic inference4 Selfdefending principle3 Cooperative principle2 Palliative purpose1 Urbanization purpose 1 Ineffable purpose1 The purpose of using euphemism (Times New Roman, 小四號, 加粗) then the thesis continues to discuss the pragmatic inference of euphemisms, with its emphasis on how the translator understands euphemism. At the end of the thesis, considerations and possible suggestions for translating euphemisms are given out for readers’ reference.Key words: euphemism；pragmatic principles (Times New Roman, 小四號) iiContents (Times New Roman 三號，居中, 粗體)Introduction (Times New Roman, 四號，加粗)編號： 20040062 畢業(yè)論文（華文中宋32號）題 目：委婉語的語用分析及其對翻譯的啟示(黑體三號) Pragmatic Analysis on Euphemism andIts Implications for Translation （Times New Roman 三號）院 （系）： 外語系 （宋體三號） 專 業(yè)： 英 語 （同上） 學(xué)生姓名： 繆許榮 （同上） 學(xué) 號： 00061319(Times New Roman三號)指導(dǎo)教師： 馬霞 （宋體三號） 職 稱： 副教授 （宋體三號） 題目類型： 理論研究 實驗研究 工程設(shè)計 工程技術(shù)研究 軟件開發(fā) （宋，小四）2004年 2 月 9 日 （宋，三號）摘 要 （黑體三號）在原作者，譯者，讀者的關(guān)系鏈中，譯者處于一個中介人的位置，從語用學(xué)角度分析，其實也就是同時處于交際三角中的“受眾”與“寫作者/演講者”的兩角。11 The purpose and principles of using euphemisms (Times New Roman, 四號)(Times New Roman, 四號)7 Rhetoric factor10References (四號) so are in our daily life（何善芬，2002）. In ChineseEnglish or EnglishChinese translation, the proper rendering of euphemisms is an important factor. However, traditional study of rhetoric has long been limited to the model of “definition+examples+analysis” and hardly have many breakthroughs been seen (宗延虎，2002). But in fact, rhetoric is a boundary discipline with close relations with semantics, pragmatics, logics, sociology etc. Therefore, it can be analyzed in different corresponding aspects. In essence, figures of speech fall into the category of the dynamic and twoway municating activity, . a pragmatic activity . Based on the principles of pragmatism, this paper aims to discuss the pragmatic elements of euphemism by studying the formation ( writer/speaker ) and receipt (receiver). It emphasizes how the translator understands and translates euphemism during the translation process. （Times New Roman 小四）1 The purpose and principles of using euphemisms （Times New Roman, 四號, 加粗）According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Englis—Chinese Dictionary/ Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, euphemism is a kind of figurative speech which employs the use of others, usu, less exact but milder or less blunt, words or phrases in place of words required by truth or accuracy and the sub