【正文】 s population should be in proportion to its area, unfortunately the reality often goes against our will.③A is a far larger university, being over three times as big as B.圖表式作文經(jīng)常使用as從句做解釋性描述的過渡，它的運用，可以使短文由圖畫的說明解釋，陡然一轉(zhuǎn)，由客觀說到主觀，由一般說到個體，過渡自然。所以考生在復習寫作時，要盡可能熟悉和掌握表達這些關(guān)系的常用句型，這將對提高寫作能力有較大幫助。(1)對照：but, however, yet, or, nevertheless, still, nonetheless, conversely, nor, rather, whereas, thought, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, by contrast with/to, in contrast (with/to)，even though, instead, unlike, different from, instead (of)，the opposite (of)，unlike, although, while, but等。close to, close at hand (近在身旁)，next to, down, far, beyond, against (對著)，on the opposite side (相對的)，opposite to, above, across, across from, around, at the bottom, before, behind, below, beneath, between, in the middle of, in the distance, in the center of, farther, on the left/right等。(四)短文寫作中常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞first of all, for one thing, for another, to begin with, first, second, next, in the first (second) place, furthermore, moreover, beyond that, also, besides, in addition, what is more, such as, finally。(5)首尾呼應法在首尾兩處點題，可以使段落的中心突出。如：Psychological health of the youth should be concerned by our society. On being advised by his school that he should leave after failing several exams, a Beijing university student decided to mit suicide, but first killed his father and grandmother so as to spare their grief at his own death. A 13yearold Sichuan Province girl ran away from home recently in pursuit of her favorite movie star, and has not been seen since. Isn39。在寫總結(jié)式結(jié)尾時，對于論證中提到的要點應該點到為止，而重在重申論點。通過分析，作者自然地引出觀點：完全禁止私車是偏激的做法。(2)提問法如： Why are foreigners so glad that barriers have been dismantled? China has a population of billion, and US $1 000 billion of GDP. It is a country with one of the fastest economic growth rates in the world. China39。(三)文章開頭與結(jié)尾的寫作方法(1)引言法在文章開頭引用具有代表性的名人名言，既可吸引讀者，又可以點題。要點式：先講解兩個事物在一點上的相同或不同點，再去講解他們在另一點上的異同之處主題式：先講解一個事物的各個方面，再講解另一個事物第一段A 1B. 1第二段A 2B. 2第一段A 1 A 2第二段B 1B. 2如：As a creature, I eat。(6)對比和對照法對比法比較的是事物的相同點。如：It is very difficult to evaluate another person39。re doing, students learn more in the course and perform better on major exams (原因1). Moreover, If students had frequent exams in all their courses, they would have to schedule study time each week and gradually would develop a habit of frequent study (原因2).作者采用一果多因的方法分析了教授應經(jīng)常測試學生的原因。單一的因果關(guān)系往往用來分析簡單的問題。當圖畫比較復雜，而且方位較強時，考生可按照空間順序進行描述。s blood is unable to clot.(2)時間、空間順序法以事情發(fā)展的順序，或時間的先后安排材料。而這個題目本身范圍太廣，因此作者先給它下了個定義，確定討論的方向：抱負/雄心在不同條件下表現(xiàn)出來的不同特性。(1)定義法當考生提出的概念或觀點很抽象，涉及面廣時，考生需要對概念進行解釋，限定內(nèi)容，從而縮小討論的焦點。Example 2I hold the view that children can play puter games in their spare time, and the reasons are explored as follows. First, puter games should be played moderately, with the control of parents. It can help children to relax and improve their efficiency in their studies. Second, playing puter games moderately can offer children chances to develop their creativity, which is essential for their success in study. Third, playing puter games can broaden children39。其次，結(jié)構(gòu)連貫：適當?shù)剡\用過渡詞指明文章內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。段末給出結(jié)論，點出學習英語的重要性。然后文章從失業(yè)開始進一步展開論證。(2)位于段中。把主旨放在段首，使讀者對文章內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)等有個把握。(2)過于具體。再如：Clothes play a part in our ，(是衣服的時尚性，還是實用性)，讀者不能預測下文的展開方向。主題句的展開通常會出現(xiàn)如下問題：(1)過于空洞。t mean no job. There are plenty of opportunities for the laidoff workers to be reemployed. Take Shanghai for example, the city is developing into an international economic center, shifting its old labor intensive industries out of the city and replacing them with new enterprises. But there is a fundamental requirement for the laidoffs if they want to be enrolled in these new posts. They must have certain skills. To many laidoff workers, they have to get job training to make themselves qualified and petitive in the human resources market.四、寫作B部分的主要寫作方法(一)主題句的寫法主題句是全段的核心。提綱一般為三部分，考生應針對提綱采用三段的結(jié)構(gòu)來開展文章。例如：1995年的試題“希望工程”中提綱的要求是：(1) Present situation. (2) Necessity of the project. (3) My “希望工程”，分析開展希望工程的意義和原因，聯(lián)系考生自己提出一些建議或具體的做法。s degrees, making up nearly a quarter of the workforce.③Doctors make up 40% of the staff in the hospital.表示增長率的常用句型：①The figure of ine increased by about 200% as pared with ten years ago.②The number of students has reached 200，indicating a rise of 4%，pared to last year.Example：The two bar charts indicate the annual emissions of CO 2 per capita and populations of seven countries. Industrialized countries certainly contribute more to the CO 2 levels in the atmosphere, with the US at the top tons per capita per year. It is followed by Japan and the UK, with emissions of tons and tons respectively. Though these countries usually don39。描述這樣的圖表時，可用以下詞匯和句型:①The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in June.②The trend/increase slowed down in May.③The trend of increasing working hours began to gain momentum in January. (開始走強)④Prices went up by 50%， but the number of smokers maintained.⑤It picked up speed at the end of this year.常用詞匯及表達法：increase, decrease, rise, fall, slow down, level off, pick up speed, maintain, drop, the trend reverses, decline, gain/lose momentum, a steady/ substantial (實質(zhì)性的) increase, a minor/slight/dramatic drop。描述這種圖表需要對比各數(shù)據(jù)間的差別，主要以數(shù)值、倍數(shù)、排列等方式來描述。②分析數(shù)字所反映的主旨，得出中心論點。表格和曲線作文的審題與其他類型的作文相比難度較大，主要表現(xiàn)在考生不易準確、全面地把握圖表顯示的信息。常見的圖表類型有：①表格，它表示多種事物的相互關(guān)系。圖表作文要求的不是對圖表的簡單敘述，而是抓住圖表所反映的主要問題。本段通過描述Waller精神生活的缺乏引出文章中心：娛樂活動缺乏帶來酗酒等社會問題?？佳凶魑闹械拿鑼憫⒁獾膯栴}：第一，圍繞主題，描寫最突出的特征和能夠支持主旨的細節(jié)。如沒有，可適當調(diào)整句式。篇幅的比例分配，第二、三段應是文章的重點，應占2/3。即使只有兩條要求，實際上它常包含一個隱性條件，所以考生也要涉及3點才能把文章寫透徹。2002年考題，我們可以看到欣喜 了解中國文化的欣喜。圖畫作文的中心思想通常體現(xiàn)在圖中人物的動作、表情或畫龍點睛的一句或幾句話中。這一句的主語是什么?自然是“愛心”。第二，考生要注意題目中的文字說明，看文字說明要做到看清主、謂、賓。首先，中心詞為“文化”，觀察圖片發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個身著中國民族服裝的西方女孩的照片。第一，仔細研讀作文指令，從題目中找出中心詞，分析修飾詞，從而準確地抓住題目的中心。圖畫常以漫畫或照片的形式出現(xiàn)，有的圖畫還有題目和提示性文字，這是為了幫助考生理解圖畫的內(nèi)容。下表為近十年考題特點的小結(jié)。而其余的考題關(guān)注的是社會中存在的一些問題，也就是說三分之二的題目是有關(guān)負面問題的分析解決。：社會關(guān)心的、典型的事?？碱}不會考查一部分考生熟悉，而另一部分考生不了解的內(nèi)容。最近幾年的命題多與當前的社會現(xiàn)實和熱點問題有關(guān)，要求考生對社會現(xiàn)象和社會的經(jīng)濟、文化生活有所關(guān)注和