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They have played in so many highpressure games a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semifinal against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.9JWKffwvGtYM*Jgamp。s actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。for the racist behaviour of their fans durings 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。s effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the petition39。39. 在橋梁工程中,設(shè)置伸縮縫的作用是什么？ 參考答案：橋跨結(jié)構(gòu)在氣溫變化、活載作用、混凝土收縮徐變等影響下將會發(fā)生伸縮變形。圖中，車輪因其承重會對橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生豎向局部壓力，鋪裝層的存在可以將車輪的集中壓力擴散到橋梁的受力構(gòu)件（行車道板），減小車輪荷載的局部效應(yīng)。 36. 試比較公路和鐵路橋梁的作用組合方式有什么不同？ 參考答案： 37. 橋面上設(shè)置橫、縱坡的作用各是什么？當橋?qū)捄艽髸r，橫坡能否仍采用三角墊層的方式設(shè)置？為什么？ 參考答案： 38. 簡述橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)中橋面鋪裝層的主要作用。汽車荷載的標準值在制定的時候?qū)τ谟嬎憬Y(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)的車道荷載，參考了自然堵車下的車距統(tǒng)計和重載車輛的調(diào)查資料而加以抽象化，實際橋梁上通行的車輛不一定能達到上述條件，特別是對于大跨度橋梁，依據(jù)概率分布的特點，跨度越大，出現(xiàn)上述情況的可能性越小，因此計算汽車荷載效應(yīng)的時候需要就行相應(yīng)的縱向折減。（ ） 31. 當橋梁的縱坡較大時，可以不設(shè)置橋面泄管裝置。（ ） 27. 橋面連續(xù)構(gòu)造就是使其在該處能承受活載彎矩。（ ） 23. 鐵路橋和公路橋一樣，都必須考慮車輛活載的橫向折減和縱向折減。（ ） 19. 因為河流的水位和流速會經(jīng)常發(fā)生變化，因此水的浮力和流水壓力對橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)都是屬于可變作用。懸索橋的施工總是先將大纜架好，這已是現(xiàn)成的懸吊式腳手架橋 梁 工 程 五一、單項選擇題(只有一個選項正確，共16道小題) 1. 我國現(xiàn)行公路規(guī)范中，橋梁設(shè)計采用的作用分為永久作用、可變作用、偶然作用2. 橋梁設(shè)計中地震作用屬于偶然作用 3. 橋梁設(shè)計中溫度作用屬于可變作用 4. 人群荷載屬于永久作用 5. 支座沉降屬于支座變位的一種。32. 為什么懸索橋是跨越能力最大的橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)形式？ 參考答案：，其他河中橋型的主要承重構(gòu)件的截面積總是隨著跨度的增加而增加，致使材料用量增加很快。 圖b等的常規(guī)拱橋，在荷載作用下拱腳會產(chǎn)生較大的水平推力，因此對基礎(chǔ)要求較高。由于中小跨度拱橋拱肋主要承受壓力，因此可以采用抗壓能力較強而抗拉能力較弱的圬工結(jié)構(gòu)修建。（a）跨越無水區(qū)域，橋下無通車需求，橋面不高；（b）跨越河流，橋下有通航需求，橋面較高；（c）跨越鐵路干線，橋面不高，鐵路部門允許斷道的時間極為有限，沿鐵路線有施工場地。從預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁受力特點來分析，連續(xù)梁的立面