種群及其基本特征(1)-wenkub.com
2025-04-30 06:21 本頁面
【正文】 ? 3. Logistic equation的模型式、各參數(shù)意義、以及該方程的生態(tài)學涵義。 ? 種群的爆發(fā) Population explosion： ? 種群平衡 Population equilibrium： ? 種群的衰落與滅亡 Population decline and extinction： ? 生態(tài)入侵 Ecological invasion： Fluctuation The abundant rains of 1983 (a) greatly increased plant growth on the Gal225。是衡量種群內(nèi)個體繁殖力和存活力的一個綜合指標，對生活史性狀的進化非常重要： twxt xtxtwxt xtx mllmmllV ????????1 種群的增長模型 Population Growth Model ? 與密度無關(guān)的種群增長模型 Densityindependent population growth models 1 種群離散增長模型 Discrete models of population growth 2 種群連續(xù)增長模型 Continuous models of population growth ? 與密度有關(guān)的種群增長模型 Densitydependent population growth models 邏輯斯諦方程 Logistic equation 與密度無關(guān)的種群增長模型 ? 種群離散增長模型 ? 幾何增長 Geometrical growth ? 種群連續(xù)增長模型 ? 指數(shù)增長 Exponential growth ? 連續(xù)增長種群加倍時間 10ttttNNNN??? ??rtt eNN 0?rtt eNNN 002 ??rte?2rrt /6 9 3 1 ??phlox 福祿考屬 種群連續(xù)增長模型 Scots pine 歐洲赤松 collared dove 斑鳩 全球人口增長曲線 邏輯斯諦方程 Logistic Equation 邏輯斯諦方程 Logistic Equation rinder pest 牛瘟 , 牛疫 淡水枝角水蚤 (Daphnia pulex) 邏輯斯諦方程的重要意義 ? 許多兩個相互作用種群增長模型的基礎 。 一般的人口生命表格式或構(gòu)成，表頭依序是： x：年齡級 nx: 在 x齡級開始時的存活個體數(shù) lx : 在 x齡級開始時的標準化的存活個體數(shù) dx : 從 x到 x+1期標準化的死亡個體數(shù) qx : 從 x到 x+1期的死亡數(shù) ex : x期開始時的平均期望壽命或平均余年 Lx : 從 x到 x+1齡期的平均存活個體數(shù) Tx : 齡期 x及其以上各年齡級的個體存活總年數(shù) Life Tables ? Life tables summarize the fate of a group of individuals born at approximately the same time from birth to the end of the life cycle. Such a group is known as a cohort同生群 and investigation of this kind is termed cohort analysis. Life tables show the number of individuals present at different life stages or ages together with agespecific survival rates and agespecific mortality rates calculated from each stage. Mortality at each stage is expressed by kvalues which are derived from logarithms and can be summed to give total mortality. 藤壺的生命表 2/)( 1??? xxx nnL ???ix xiLTLx：在 x 期到 x +1 期間平均存活數(shù)目 =( lx + lx+1 )/2 Tx：在 x 期限后的平均存活數(shù)的累計數(shù) =ΣLx K因子分析 KFactor Analysis ? A statistical treatment of population data designed to identify factors most responsible for change in population size. ? The technique allows that the identification of key factors contributing to mortality. Stagespecific kvalues obtained over successive years are pared to the values for total mortality (ktotal). KFactor analysis highlights those stages suffering the greatest mortality which are responsible for fluctuations in loss rate and hence population size. microsporidian 小孢子蟲的
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