分子生物技術(shù)在動(dòng)物系統(tǒng)分類上之應(yīng)用-wenkub.com
2025-04-01 23:14 本頁面
【正文】 能干的人，不在情緒上計(jì)較，只在做事上認(rèn)真；無能的人！不在做事上認(rèn)真，只在情緒上計(jì)較。The Application of Molecular Biological Techniques on the Animal SystematicsShao, KwangTsaoInstitute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean UniversityInstitute of Zoology, Academia SinicaABSTRACTAlong with the rapid progress of the molecular techniques, its applications on the biosystematic and evolutionary studies has been being a most popular topic in recent few years. Although this newly and powerful technique can increase a lot of numbers of internal characters on genic level and to tackle some problems which the traditional taxonomical methods could not solve, these techniques also have their own limitatiors and drawbacks. This article is prepared based on my presentation in a workshop entitled: “The Application of Molecular biological Technology on the Taxonomy”, held at the National Sun YatSen University early this year. The contents of this article briefly introduce the principle and the history of animal taxonmy, the progresses of applying molecular techniques on the animal taxonomy by suing some examples. Finally, some important related books or papers of molecular taxonomy, and some puter softwares for analyzing the molecular data are also listed in hoping that it can benefit those colleagues or students who might have interests to use these techniques in the ，也不能閑死在家里！寧可去碰壁，也不能面壁。作者為 WenHsiung Li, ChungI Wu, and ChiCheng Luo，免費(fèi)。 11. Walter Fitch 除求得 trees外，亦可作不同之data manipulations 。 9. Turbotree 作者為 David Penny（Dept. of Botany amp。 7. RESTSITE Construct phylogenies from restriction site or restriction fragment data, 針對粒線體 DNA 分析資料而撰。 5. TreeAlign Multiple sequence alignment program that builds trees as it aligns DNA or protein sequence。 3. BIOSYS1 or 2 Analysis of Allelic Variation in Population Genetic and Biochemical Systematics, 主要在分析 isozymes之基因頻度資料。 1. PHYLIP（Ver. ） Phylogeny Inference Package ，內(nèi)含卅餘種獨(dú)立程式可分析各種類型之資料及選用不同的分析方法。 . Ashlock 1991, McGrawNIll Inc. NT$550.Biochemicel Genetics and Taxonomy of Fish The Fisheries Society of the Brifish Isles Symposium A. Ferguson amp。但應(yīng)用 PCR的方法仍是有價(jià)格高，袛能分析mtDNA 的小段，及不同 mtDNA各區(qū)段之突變速率不同等缺點(diǎn)猶待克服。它可以適用在福馬林、酒精固定，paraffin 包埋的標(biāo)本（Heller et al, 1991)，或者是骨骼的標(biāo)本（Hagelberg et al, 1989）。例三： Bowen and Arise（1990） 分析墨西哥灣與大西洋不同族群黑鱸 mtDNA，顯示兩者為同源，隔離時(shí)間在50萬年前左右。mtDNA 具有分子小，簡單，演化快速，種間差異大，族群內(nèi)穩(wěn)定性高 ，母系遺傳及遺傳性狀數(shù)目多（ 350 restriction endonucleases）等特性 ，故常被用來以限制內(nèi)切切位片段的多型性(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, RFLP)上來獲得鹼基置換（base substitution），長度變異（length variation ）或序列重排（sequence rearrangement）之資料藉以推斷動(dòng)物不同種或族群間之差異。將其中一種生物之DNA（單股）標(biāo)上同位素（探針,probe），去與另一種生物的單股混合，然後逐漸冷卻癒合（混股），看癒合的比例（反應(yīng)在△值上）來推算遺傳距離。故當(dāng)研究的分類層級不同，所應(yīng)採用的蛋白質(zhì)亦應(yīng)不同。 （三）蛋白質(zhì)或核酸之序列 比較不同種的同源DNA或RNA上
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