【正文】 例：Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday?(哪本是你們昨天從圖書館借的書？)注意：●指物時，在介詞后只能用which，而不能用that.●定詞從句修飾代表地點、時間的先行詞時,就要用關(guān)系代詞that ,要用關(guān)系副詞 where（表地點）或 when（表時間）,在定語從句中作狀語.如:Mary would never forget the evening when she lost the book. I’ve been to the city that you visited last week.被動語態(tài)注意事項●構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)表明一個被動性動作，它由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。)　He is the only person that can help you out.(他是唯一能幫你的人。)，只能使用“that”。例：Is there anything that I can do for you?(我能給你做點什么嗎？)，any，much，many詞時，只能使用“that”。 如果是客觀事實，賓語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。如果主句用現(xiàn)在的某個時態(tài)，賓語從句視實際情況而定。 I don’t have enough time to study for the test , so I have something to worry about. I need a room to live in不定式作賓語：want, refuse, wish, need, choose, hope, agree, would like, offer, expect, decide, ask + to do sthI hope to find a good job after graduating from school.不定式作賓補：tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage + sb (not) to do sthMy mother asks me not to play puter games before finishing homework.不帶to 的不定式: why not + do …? Had better (not) do sth. Would better (not) do… Could/Would/Will you (not) do…..? 另外，有些感官動詞和使役動詞也不帶to:Hear, see, watch, notice, feel, let, make, have + sb (not) do ….但變?yōu)楸粍訒r，要加 to The boss made them work the whole day. They were made to work the whole day. （被動）感嘆句（一）what引導(dǎo) what + a/an + adj +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語 What a beautiful girl she is ! what + adj +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語 What sweet water it is !（二）how引導(dǎo) How +adj / adv +主語+謂語 How interesting the film is !（三）如何判斷用what還是how凡是有a / an開頭，多用what； 凡是adj直接加名詞的，多用what，其他一般用how.狀語從句一、 時間狀語從句when, while , as, before, after, since, until, as soon as.(1) 當(dāng)主語是一般將來時或祈使句或有情態(tài)動詞時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，“主將從現(xiàn)”I’ll ring you as soon as I get to school. 我一到學(xué)校就打電話給你。where is your father ? he has gone to Shanghai.have/has been in… 已經(jīng)在某地（呆了多久） My family have been in Chengdu for 20 years(6) 過去進行時結(jié)構(gòu) was / were + doing用法 ① 表示過去某段時間正在進行的動作 what were you doing at 9:30 last night? I was watching TV.when一般接一般過去時 I was doing my homework when my father came home. while一般接進行時 While my mother was cleaning, I went out. He was playing basketball while she was reading books.（7）過去完成時 過去完成時表示過去某個時間以前好或過去某個動作以前，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。I have already finished my work. yet一般用于否定或疑問句。其構(gòu)成：will + V原 肯定句：They will leave for Shanghai next week. 否定句：We won’t visit him tomorrow. 疑問句：Will you go to Shanghai in two weeks?(注：當(dāng)主語為I 或 we時，問句中可用 shall) where shall we meet tomorrow?② be going to+ V原 表示計劃、打算做某事。 We visited the museum last week. My friend Tom went to the beach yesterday. 疑問句：Did+主語+ V原……？ Did you go shopping with him? Did she cook dinner for her family? 否定句：主語+didn’t+ V原…… He didn’t go to see the movie last Sunday.動詞的規(guī)則變化。( if, as soon as, until, when) If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the park. When I grow up, I’ll go to Paris. 時間狀語：Always, often, sometimes, usually, on Sunday, on Monday afternoon, every day/month/year/week, in the morning, once a year, twice a day, three times a day等⑵一般過去時。 肯定句： 主語+V原+其他。不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，要用延續(xù)動詞替換。 I’ve kept this book for a week. 我已經(jīng)借了這本書一周了三十八、wonder = want to know 想知道三十九、trouble 打擾、麻煩 have trouble / difficult / problem / a hard time + doing sth 做某事很困難四十、 in order to ……為了….. In order not to be late , he rush to the bus stop.四十一、be supposed to do sth（不）應(yīng)該做某事..四十二、drop by 順便拜訪 四十三、after all 畢竟 撿起，挑選pick up 指著point at make a noise 制造噪音 沿著….一直走….walk down …四十四、make的用法 make + adj make sb do sth (hear, watch, see, have 等用法相同) （但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其后加 toMy mother made me to work 5 hours. I was made to work 5 hours.四十五、make mistake 犯錯 四十六、辨析 except / besides except （除…..之外） Everyone went to the beach except Jim. besides （除….之外，包括在內(nèi)） I have a lot of friends besides Mary.四十七、find(think) it + adj + to do 、認(rèn)為做某事是……四十八、不再….. not ……any more ( any longer) = no more ( no longer)語法專項動詞的分類和時態(tài)一、 動詞短語。 數(shù)詞+ hundred / thousand / million / billion 幾百、幾千、幾百萬、幾十億二十五、marry sb 嫁給（某人） get married 和（某人）結(jié)婚二十六、sell out 賣完 sell – sold – sold二十七、there be 句型中的be動詞用is還是are ，取決于靠近它的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 such + a/an + adj + n +that從句 Mary is such a young girl that she can’t go to school. such + adj+不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ that從句 3)so 修飾強調(diào)adj或adv. so + adj / adv + that從句 He is so clever that he can work out all the problems. 4）當(dāng)名詞由many, much, few, little修飾時，只能用so so many/ few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) +that 從句 so much/ little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句 There are so much time that I can play with friends. 5) too…to… = not… enough to …. = so….. that….二十三、短語。 …and…連接兩個或三個名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 （主將從現(xiàn)， 主過從過） If it doesn’t rain, we’ll go fishing. Unless you see a doctor, you shouldn’t take the medicine.十四、提供。的”；加ing的修飾物“令人。I like singing than dancing. 寧愿做…而不愿做…..1）would rather do sth than do sth. 2）would like to do sth, than do sth 3）prefer to do sth rather than do sth 4）prefer doing to doing八、害怕做某事be afraid of doing sth = be terrified of doing sth = be scared of doing sth be afraid to do sth九、win 贏得比賽、演講、地位、榮譽 beat 擊敗某人、某隊十、辨別 noise噪音 Don’t make any noise ! voice人的嗓音 He has a good voice. sound 泛指各種聲音 The sound of car is too loud.十一、taste ，嘗起來 ，品味 系動詞 taste , smell , look , sound , feel + adj 十二、語法。（指三者以上中的任何一個）十一、get in the way of …….妨礙…..十二、On….team . 在…隊里 He is on the school soccer team.十三、happen 出乎意料的發(fā)生 take place 有計劃的發(fā)生 兩者都沒有被動語態(tài) This accident has taken place for 5 years.十四、be serious about + n/ pre / doing 對….很認(rèn)真十五、succeed (in) doing sth 成功地做某事 success n. successful adjUnit 4一、數(shù)詞+hundred/thousand/million/billion 幾百/千/百萬/十億hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+