[工學(xué)]建筑環(huán)境學(xué)chapter41-2thermalcomfortable-wenkub.com
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【正文】 ? 知道燈具對計算點(diǎn)的投光角 ，就查到相應(yīng)的發(fā)光強(qiáng)度，利用照度余弦定律，就可求出點(diǎn)光源在計算點(diǎn)形成的照度。我們把燈具各方向的發(fā)光強(qiáng)度在三維空間里用矢量表示出來，把矢量的終端連接起來，則構(gòu)成一封閉的光強(qiáng)體。s life time. 在美國，該燈的價格要高于白熾燈，但整個壽命內(nèi)可節(jié)約的電費(fèi)達(dá) 40美元 ? Like all fluorescent lamps, CFLs contain mercury, which plicates their disposal 和其他熒光燈一樣， CFLs含有汞蒸氣，處理起來復(fù)雜 2） Mercury discharge lamps 汞放電燈 ? uses mercury in an excited state激發(fā)狀態(tài) to produce light. ? mercury lamp emits sharp light at certain blue and green wavelengths. 發(fā)藍(lán)、綠光 ?mercury halide lamp鹵汞燈 , better colour rendering high efficacy A metal halide gas discharge lighting system provides illumination for a college baseball game at Olsen Field in College Station, Texas. Note the various colors of the lights as they warm up 3） Sodium discharge lamps鈉放電燈 Lowpressure sodium lamps 低壓鈉燈 Sodium 鈉（發(fā)光） Mercury 汞（緩沖劑和增加放電電抗的作用） xenon 氙氣 （起?。? ? distinctive 鮮明的 yellow light ? gives poor colour rendering . ? Very high efficacy ? been traditionally used for street lighting ? 燈塔指示燈、航道、機(jī)場跑道的照明 Highpressure sodium lamps （ SON）高壓鈉燈 ? produce a continuous spectrum without much blue light ? a colour rendering more acceptable ? used in modern street lighting and for the economic lighting of large areas such as forecourts籃球場 and warehouses倉庫 . Office building illuminated by high pressure sodium lamps. 無極燈 ? 高頂棚工業(yè)廠房的照明光源應(yīng)選用 ? 高顯色光源 ? 高光效光源 ? 瞬間啟動光源 ? 低色溫光源 Reflection ? We describe the path of light as straightline rays ? Reflection off a flat surface follows a simple rule: ? angle in (incidence) equals angle out (reflection) ? angles measured from surface ―normal‖ (perpendicular) surface normal same angle incident ray exit ray reflected ray Virtual Images in Plane Mirrors If light energy doesn39。7 Artificial Lighting 人工照明 ? The subject of this chapter is artificial lighting, and ? 本章的主題是人工照明 ? the following chapter deals with natural lighting. ? 下一章會講自然采光 ? Although the principles of these two topics are treated separately 盡管分開講解著兩部分內(nèi)容 ? it is important that they are considered together when designing a The main functions of artificial lighting? 人工照明的主要功能 ? to provide enough light for people to carry out a particular activity ? 為人們進(jìn)行某一活動提供足夠的光 ? to provide enough light for people to move about with ease and safety ? 為人們方便行走和人身安全提供足夠的光 to display the features of the building in a manner suitable for its character and purpose 更好的表現(xiàn)建筑特點(diǎn)和用途 ? To achieve these aims it is necessary to consider the properties of lamps, of the lamp fittings 燈具 and of the room surfaces that surround them. ? 要達(dá)到上述目的，就需要考慮燈、燈具及室內(nèi)表面的特性 Lamps 燈 ? What is The oldest source of artificial light ? the flame from fires, from candles and from oil lamps ? Convert chemical bustion化學(xué)燃燒 to light energy ? Modern sources of artificial light convert electrical energy to light energy ?produce light by heating substances to a temperature at which they glow發(fā)熱 and are luminous. (1) Incandescent sources白熾燈 (2) gas discharge sources氣體放電燈 ?the electrod
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