[工學]建筑環(huán)境學chapter41-2thermalcomfortable(已修改)
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【正文】 7 Artificial Lighting 人工照明 ? The subject of this chapter is artificial lighting, and ? 本章的主題是人工照明 ? the following chapter deals with natural lighting. ? 下一章會講自然采光 ? Although the principles of these two topics are treated separately 盡管分開講解著兩部分內容 ? it is important that they are considered together when designing a The main functions of artificial lighting? 人工照明的主要功能 ? to provide enough light for people to carry out a particular activity ? 為人們進行某一活動提供足夠的光 ? to provide enough light for people to move about with ease and safety ? 為人們方便行走和人身安全提供足夠的光 to display the features of the building in a manner suitable for its character and purpose 更好的表現建筑特點和用途 ? To achieve these aims it is necessary to consider the properties of lamps, of the lamp fittings 燈具 and of the room surfaces that surround them. ? 要達到上述目的，就需要考慮燈、燈具及室內表面的特性 Lamps 燈 ? What is The oldest source of artificial light ? the flame from fires, from candles and from oil lamps ? Convert chemical bustion化學燃燒 to light energy ? Modern sources of artificial light convert electrical energy to light energy ?produce light by heating substances to a temperature at which they glow發(fā)熱 and are luminous. (1) Incandescent sources白熾燈 (2) gas discharge sources氣體放電燈 ?the electrodes 電極 + ionized gas電離氣體 +electric current 電流 ?Typically, such lamps use a noble gas (argon, neon, krypton and xenon) or a mixture of these gases. 惰性氣體（氬、氖、氪 、 氙 ） ?resulting in visible light or ultraviolet radiation ?Ultraviolet radiation is converted to visible light by a fluorescent coating how to evaluate the Properties of lamps 如何評價燈的性能？ 1) Luminous efficacy 光效 i n p u tp o w er E l ec t r i ca lo u t p u tf l u x L u m i n o u sef f i ca cy l u m i n o u s ? Unit: lumens /watt (lm/W) 2) Life 壽命 ? The luminous efficacy of a lamp decreases with time 燈的光效隨著使用時間降低 ? for a discharge lamp it may fall by as much as 50% before the lamp fails. 對氣體放電燈，在失效前光效會下降 50% ? The nominal life of a lamp is usually determined by the manufacturer by considering the failure rate of a particular model of lamp bined with its fall in light output. 燈的壽命一般由廠家考慮某批燈的失效率結合光效降低程度而定 ? In a large installation it is desirable that all the lamps are replaced at the same time on a specified maintenance schedule. 在安裝大量燈的情況下，在維護計劃中，燈要求同時更換掉。 3) The correlated colour temperature (CCT) 相關色溫 is the absolute temperature of a perfect radiator when the colour apperance of the radiator best matches that of the light source Unit : kelvin (K) ?色溫反映燈光本身的表觀顏色 ?The CCT reflects the apparent color of light itself, ?The lower values of colour temperature indicate light with a higher red content. ? 光源色溫為 6900K表示（ ） ? A 光效很高 ? B 光效很低 ? C 光色偏冷色 ? D 光色偏暖色 ? Some examples of colour temperatures are given below ? Clear sky 晴天 12,00024,000K ? Overcast sky 全陰天 5,0008,000K ? Tubular fluorescent lamps 3,0006,500K ? Tungsten filament lamps 2,7003,100K 4） Colour rendering顯
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