【正文】 宏觀看改造的必要性 　　從宏觀上看，工業(yè)發(fā)達國家的軍、民機械工業(yè)，在70年代末、80年代初已開始大規(guī)模應用數控機床。 　　如：降低了工人的勞動強度，節(jié)省了勞動力（一個人可以看管多臺機床），減少了工裝，縮短了新產品試制周期和生產周期，可對市場需求作出快速反應等等。 加工零件的精度高，尺寸分散度小，使裝配容易，不再需要修配。 　　由于計算機有高超的運算能力，可以瞬時準確地計算出每個坐標軸瞬時應該運動的運動量，因此可以復合成復雜的曲線或曲面。 　向智能化方向發(fā)展 隨著人工智能在計算機領域的不斷滲透和發(fā)展，數控系統(tǒng)的智能化程度將不斷提高。至少采用PC機作為它的前端機，來處理人機界面、編程、聯(lián)網通信等問題，由原有的系統(tǒng)承擔數控的任務。數控系統(tǒng)從此進入了基于PC的階段。而且當時的小型機可靠性也不理想。于是將它移植過來作為數控系統(tǒng)的核心部件，從此進入了計算機數控（CNC）階段（把計算機前面應有的通用兩個字省略了）。 數控（NC）階段（1952～1970年） 　　早期計算機的運算速度低，對當時的科學計算和數據處理影響還不大，但不能適應機床實時控制的要求。它與人類在農業(yè)、工業(yè)社會中創(chuàng)造的那些只是增強體力勞動的工具相比，起了質的飛躍，為人類進入信息社會奠定了基礎。 The transformation three axle has used the roller lead screw and the gear drive organization on the machinery. The entire transformation work including the machine design, the electrical design, the engine bed overhaul, finally is the entire machine installment and the debugging. After the milling machine transforms, processing effective stroke X/Y/The Z axis respectively is 。 Manual is fast is X/The Z axis respectively is 。 Retained the original main axle system and the cooling system。 Maximum speed X/Y/The Z axis respectively is 5000/1500/800 mm/Min。 Programming standard and automated programming and so on. The key point is makes, gets a good grasp of the operating manual and the programming instruction booklet.the numerical control transforms se Transforms the scope according to each equipment differently, must beforehand design the connection partial transformations, if transforms pletely, should design the electromechanical transformation connection, the operation kneading board control and the disposition, the interconnection partial contacts, the parameter measuring point, services the position and so on, the request operates and services conveniently, reasonable, the line moves towards, center the small junction smoothly few, the strong and the weak electrical noise is smallest, has the suitable allowance and so on. Partial transformation, but also needs to consider the new old system the performance match, the voltage polarity and the size transformation, install the position, the digitalanalog conversion and so on, when the necessity must manufacture the transformation connection voluntarily.veral examples 1st, transforms the X53 milling machine with SIEMENS 810M In 1998, the pany invested 200,000 Yuan, with German Simens the 810M numerical control system, the 611A exchange servo drive system sds was the X53 milling machine carries on X, Y, the Z three axle numerical control transformation to a pany39。 Precision high, the life is long。s request.Fifth in the numerical control transformation the main mechanical part reequips the discussion A new numerical control engine bed, must achieve in the design that, Has the high static dynamic rigidity。 Does not satisfy the production request to it the CNC system to carry on the renewal by newest CNC。s started the largescale application numerical control engine bed. Its essence is, uses the information technology to the traditional industry (including the armed forces, airplane weapon industry) carries on the technological transformations. Except that uses outside the numerical control engine bed, FMC, FMS in the manufacture process, but also includes in the product development carries out CAD, CAE, CAM, the hypothesized manufacture as well as carries out MIS in the production management (management information system), CIMS and so on. As well as increases the information technology in its production product, including artificial intelligence and so on content. Because uses the information technology to the country foreign troops, the airplane weapon industry carries on the thorough transformation (to call it being an information based society), finally causes them the product in the international military goods and in the goods for civilian use market the petitive power greatly is the enhancement. But we in the information technology transformation tradition industry aspect pared to the developed country to fall behind approximately for 20 years. Like in our country engine bed capacity, numerical control engine bed proportion (numerical control rate) to 1995 only then %, but Japan has reached % in 1994, therefore every year has the massive mechanical and electrical products import. This also on from on macroscopic explained the engine bed numerical control transformation necessity.Thord, the numerical control transformation content and superiorly lacks Transformation industry starting In US, Japan and Germany and so on the developed country, their engine bed transforms took the new economical growth profession, thrives abundantly, is occupying the golden age. As a result of the engine bed as well as the technical unceasing progress, the engine bed transformation is the eternal topic. Our country39。 1974 five dynasties microprocessor and 1990 sixth generation (overseas was called PCBASED) based on PC. Also must point out, although overseas already renamed as the puter numerical control (namely CNC).　　Also must point out, although overseas already renamed as the puter numerical control (namely CNC), but our country still the custom called the numerical control (NC). Therefore we daily say numerical control, the materially already was refers to puter numerical control. the numerical control future will develop tendency open style continues to, to develop based on the PC sixth generation of direction The software and hardware resources has which based on PC are rich and so on the characteristic, the more numerical controls serial production factory can step onto this path. Uses PC machine to take at least its front end machine, processes the manmachine contact surface, the programming, the associationQuestion and so on net correspondence, undertakes the numerical control duty by the original system. PC machine has the friendly manmachine contact surface, will popularize to all numerical controls system. The longdistance munication, the longdistanc