【正文】 此外，機(jī)床數(shù)控化還是推行FMC（柔性制造單元）、FMS（柔性制造系統(tǒng)）以及CIMS（計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng)）等企業(yè)信息化改造的基礎(chǔ)。 　　由于計(jì)算機(jī)有記憶和存儲(chǔ)能力，可以將輸入的程序記住和存儲(chǔ)下來(lái)，然后按程序規(guī)定的順序自動(dòng)去執(zhí)行，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化。 ?。?）引入專家系統(tǒng)指導(dǎo)加工 　　將熟練工人和專家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，加工的一般規(guī)律和特殊規(guī)律存入系統(tǒng)中，以工藝參數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)為支撐，建立具有人工智能的專家系統(tǒng)。即1970年的第四代小型計(jì)算機(jī)；1974年的第五代微處理器和1990年的第六代基于PC（也就是為PCBASED）。 　　到1974年微處理器被應(yīng)用于數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。從此，傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)的變化。s another model。 The engine bed processing precision achieves 177。 New system functional scope, application method and with old system difference。 Moreover, because many years use, the operator already understood to the engine bed characteristic, uses and services the aspect to train the time in the operation short, effective is quick. The transformation engine bed as soon as installs, may realize the capacity load revolution. may fully use the existing condition May fully use the existing ground, does not need to like buys when the new equipment such to have reto construct the ground. may use the newest control technology enhances the production equipment the automated level and the efficiency, improves the equipment quality and the scale, alters to the old engine bed now the horizontal engine bed.Fourth, numerical control system choice When the numerical control system mainly has three kind of types, the transformation, should act according to the special details to carry on the choice. Stepbysteps the open system which the electrical machinery drives This system servo drive mainly is stepbysteps the electrical machinery, the power stepbysteps the electrical machinery, the battery solution pulse motor and so on. Entering sends out which by the numerical control system for instruction pulse, after the actuation electric circuit control and the power enlargement, causes to stepbystep the electrical machinery rotation, through gear vice and ball bearing guide screw vice actuation executive ponent. So long as the control mand pulse quantity, the frequency as well as the circular telegram order, then may control the executive ponent movement the displacement quantity, the speed and the heading. This kind of system does not need the physical location and the velocity feedback which obtains to the input end, therefore called it the open system, this system displacement precision mainly decided in stepbysteps the electrical machinery angular displacement precision, transmission part and so on gear guide screw pitches the precision, therefore the system displacement precision is low. This system structure simple, debugging service convenient, work reliable, cost low, is easy to reequip successfully. The asynchronous motor or the direct current machine drive, diffraction grating survey feedback closed loop numerical control system This system and the open system difference is: Physical location feedback signal which by position detector set and so on the diffraction grating, induction synchromesh obtains, carries on the parison as necessary with the given value, two interpolations enlargements and the transformation, the actuation implementing agency, by the speed which assigns turns towards the elimination deviation the direction movement, until assigns the position and the feedback physical location interpolation is equal to the zero. The closed loop enters for the systemEnters for the system plex in the structure pared to the splitring, the cost is also high, requests strictly to the environment room temperature. The design and the debugging is all more difficult than the open system. But may obtain pared to the splitring enters for a system higher precision, quicker speed, actuation power bigger characteristic target. May act according to the product specification, decided whether uses this kind of system. The direct current servo electrical machinery drives, encoder feedback semiclosure link numerical control system Half closedloop system examination part installs in among passes in the moving parts, indirectly surveys the executive ponent the position. It only can pensate a system ring circuit interior part of part the error, therefore, its precision pared to closedloop system precision low, but its structure and the debugging all pares the closedloop system to be simple. In makes the angular displacement examination part and the speed examination part and the servo electrical machinery time a whole then does not need to consider the position detector set installs the question. The current production numerical control system pany factory quite are many, overseas famous pany like German SIEMENS Corporation, Japanese FANUC Corporation。s labor intensity, saved the labor force (a person to be possible to safeguard the multi Taiwan engine bed), reduced the work clothes, reduced the new product trial manufacturing cycle and the production cycle, might to the market demand make rapid reaction and so on. Above these superiority are the predecessor cannot imagine, is an extremely significant breakthrough. In addition, the engine bed numerical control carries out FMC (flexible manufacture unit), FMS (flexible manufacture system) as well as CIMS (puter integration manufacture system) and so on the enterprise being an information based society transformation foundation. The numerical control technology already became the manufacturing industry automation the core technology and the foundation technology. great watches the transformation the necessity From on macroscopic looked that, the industry developed country armed forces, the airplane weapon industry, in the end of the 7039。 1965 third generation small scale integration electric circuit. Computer numerical control (CNC) stage (in 1970 ~ present) In 1970, the general miniputer already appeared and the mass production. Thereupon transplants it takes the numerical control system the core part, from this time on entered the puter numerical control (CNC) the stage (which should have puter in front of the general two characters to abbreviate). In 1971, American INTEL Corporatio