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當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在某一動(dòng)作之前時(shí),常用此時(shí)態(tài)。)一般過去式和過去完成時(shí)的比較:一般過去式表示過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),而過去完成時(shí)在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),即amp。 We saw the film last night. 昨天晚上我們看了那部電影。 【第10講:時(shí)態(tài) (二)】一般過去式和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):一般過去式只是表示事情發(fā)生在過去,陳述一個(gè)事實(shí),它可以和確定的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語如:last night, in 1999, three days ago等連用。quot。來表示,常帶有twice, once, ever, never等時(shí)間狀語。如: Mr. Wang has lived here since ,我們常用amp。注意:在Will you ....?問句中,回答必須是 Yes, I No, I won’t而不能用Yes, I shall. No, I shan’:過去將來時(shí)不可以單獨(dú)使用,它一般在賓語從句中作間接引語,表示從過去某一時(shí)間看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。一般過去時(shí):表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與yesterday, last year, in 1949,two years ago,等表示過去時(shí)間的狀語連用。quot。提醒你當(dāng)?shù)谌朔Q單數(shù)做主語時(shí),別忘了動(dòng)詞的變化。否則amp。 的否定形式。 是 amp。如:Either you or I am wrong. neither...nor:amp。quot。不僅...而且...amp。與世紀(jì)、年代、季節(jié)、月份以及早上、上午、晚上等連用。它們表達(dá)的范圍逐漸增大。固定搭配如:on one’s way home, help...with, send for, be interested in..., be late for, be angry with, be good at等。quot。quot。如:I don’t know how to use a 。)不定式還可以充當(dāng)句子的賓語,但有些動(dòng)詞,如find,think,believe 等,在語法上不能接受不定式作賓語,只有用it作形式賓語,從而把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句尾。如:Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 為什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?感官動(dòng)詞 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補(bǔ),省to。什么時(shí)候可以不帶to不定式省to有四種情況:使役動(dòng)詞 let, have, make 等后接不定式。這個(gè)動(dòng)作)昨天我見他正在花園里干活。這個(gè)事實(shí)) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)amp。(強(qiáng)調(diào)amp。quot。quot。quot。quot。quot。quot。stop:這個(gè)詞讓好多同學(xué)大傷了一番腦筋,到底什么時(shí)候加to do,什么時(shí)候加doing 呢?兩者意義又有什么不同呢?OK, Come with me. 看下面兩個(gè)句子。如:You needn’t e tomorrow if you are busy. (如果你忙,明天就不必來了。既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,又可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,因此在用法上需要注意。)need意為amp。Must I(we) ....amp。應(yīng)當(dāng),必須amp。delicious 是形容詞,不是副詞。比如:catch 的過去式和過去分詞(caught,caught) 你可能就不知道吧?痛下決心,好好記一記吧。如: He runs farther than she does.(他比她跑得遠(yuǎn)。quot。如:He said he had finished the work two days before.(他說他兩天前已完成了工作。quot。quot。幾乎不amp。hard表示amp。表示事情早已發(fā)生或提前發(fā)生用 already,一般放于句中,用于肯定句和疑問句。用做定語,只用于比較兩個(gè)人的長(zhǎng)幼,只能作表語。表示amp。常用做表語;他是我的長(zhǎng)兄用amp。表示amp。 older和elder: Jack is older than me, he is my elder amp。quot。quot。quot。獨(dú)自一人的amp。單獨(dú)的amp。aloneamp。(他越忙,越覺得高興。the +比較級(jí)?,the+比較級(jí)?amp。越??就越??amp。如:The earth is getting warmer and warmer。quot。quot。quot。quot。quot。 形容詞級(jí)別問題:a. Our classroom is twice larger than theirs。它們往往遵循以下規(guī)律:冠詞或人稱代詞所有格+數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)+大小+形狀+表示老少、新舊+顏色+事物質(zhì)地、人的國(guó)籍、用途。 Neither is correct。如:Both of the them e from London。Every student in our school works hard.(我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。公式為:a(an, this, that )+名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。b. 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時(shí),這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。 別奇怪,名詞有時(shí)也可以作定語的。 people,police,cattle 等詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù),所以它們的謂語當(dāng)然也是復(fù)數(shù)形式,這就是集體名詞。如:tomato, hero, potato,當(dāng)然其中的piano 和photo,又是一個(gè)例外,他們的結(jié)尾只能加s。quot。元音字母+oamp。輔音字母+yamp。祈使句 + and + 簡(jiǎn)單句 表示“如果?,就?”祈使句 + or + 簡(jiǎn)單句 表示“?否則?”,neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句,為了避免和前一句話的 見語法書。在句尾時(shí),please前多用逗號(hào)。而常常用介詞of的短語來表示。ⅥLucy and Lily’s room Lucy 和Lily的房間.動(dòng)物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加amp。quot。There is little time. 幾乎沒時(shí)間了。quot。quot。quot。home指?jìng)€(gè)人出生、被撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的環(huán)境和居住地點(diǎn)。家庭amp。quot。①some亦可用于表示盼望得到對(duì)方肯定的答復(fù)或表示建議、委婉請(qǐng)求的疑問句中,這一點(diǎn)我們不久就會(huì)學(xué)到。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前,如a book。quot。quot。quot。quot。quot。quot。quot。quot。 典型例題2. I’m sorry to keep you waiting.Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be答案A. 等待的動(dòng)作由過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。到……,才……amp。做……直到……amp。例如:He has pleted the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。例如:Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,變化可大了。例如:I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。(形容幾點(diǎn)到幾點(diǎn)時(shí),表不停地,不間斷的)Eg: From me for her113 get /have sth down 做完,被(別人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了)Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫(yī)拔掉了) 114 get a parttime job= find a parttime job115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 與某人相處得好116 get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處117 get ready for = be ready for為什么而準(zhǔn)備118 get sb in to trouble 給某人帶來麻煩120 get…from… 從某處得到某物121 give a talk 做報(bào)告122 give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物123 go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做這件事125 go out away from遠(yuǎn)離 go out of 從….離開126 go to school 上學(xué)(用于專業(yè)的)go to the school 去學(xué)校(不一定是上學(xué)) 127 good way to 好方法128 hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的事129 have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會(huì)130 have a talk 聽報(bào)告 談一談131 have been doing 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)132 have been to …( 地方)……去過某過地方 have gone to …(地方) 去了某地還沒回來133 have fun +doing 玩得高興134 have sth to do 有什么事要做135 have to do sth 必須做某事136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻煩137 have…time +doing138 have…(時(shí)間)…off 放……假 139 hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事140 help a lot 很大用處141 help sb with sth \one’s sth 幫助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事142 hope to do sth 希望做某事143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)144 how do you like = what do you think of 你對(duì)什么的看法145 if : 是否=whethereg: I don’t know if (whether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應(yīng)該去參加晚會(huì)He don’t know if (whether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般時(shí)態(tài))+條件語態(tài)從句eg: I’ll go to Luzhou if it doesn’t rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計(jì)劃,他們會(huì)讓我知道的I’ll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國(guó)147 in one’s opinion = sb think 某人認(rèn)為148 in some ways 在某些方面149 in the end = f