【正文】 Translation Exercise ?Case Report (record part) ? Patient Li Hua, male, 69 years old, a retired teacher, was admitted on June 6, 1989, because of palpitation for one year and being worse in recent 5 months. ? The patient was quite well until one year before May, 1988. He felt slight palpitation and dyspnea during hard work, fast walk, or climbing stairs. There was swelling of legs in the evening, but he felt better after having a rest. In recent 5 months, palpitation and dyspnea became so serious that he could neither walk nor lie down. He had to sit up during the whole night. Sometimes he coughed with small amounts of sputum, but without blood. He had no chill, fever, chest pain or sore joints. The urinating was normal. Translation Exercise ? There was nothing else abnormal in the case history review except a cured lobar pneumonia in 1949. He had no history of drug allergy. ? Personal history: The patient was born in Xi’an in 1923. He had been to the south of China but did not contact contaminated water. He smoked about 10 cigarettes daily. He got married in 1945. His wife was healthy. They had a daughter who was also healthy. His father died of stomach cancer. His mother was well. ? Physical Examination: T. ℃ , P. 96/min, R. 28/min, BP. kPa. The patient, an old fatty man who developed well and moderately nourished, was lying in bed with a semireclining position. He looked pale and suffered from general edema. He was mentally normal and cooperative in the examination. There was no eruption, no jaundice, no purpura on the skin, and the lymph nodes were not palpable. Translation Exercise ? The head, eyes, nose, ears, mouth were normal while the lips were cyanotic. The neck was soft, there was no venous engement. Thyroid glands were not palpable, there were no thrill or brunt（沖擊感） . The trachea was in midline. The chest and respiratory movements were symmetrical. There was no abnormal dullness but some moist rales were heard in the base areas of the both lungs. The points of maximal impulse (PMI) were not visible but palpable in 5th costal interspace, 14cm from the middle line, and there was no thrill. The cardiac dullness was as follows（略） : Translation Exercise ? The distance from midsternal line to midclavicular line was 10cm. The heart rate was 96/min, regular. There was a grade Ⅱ soft blowing like systolic murmur at the apex, P2A2, but no pericardium friction sound was heard. Abdominal wall was soft without tenderness. The liver was palpable 2cm below the costal margin with slight tenderness. The spleen was not palpable and there was no shifting dullness. The rest was normal. ? Impression: ? 1. Hypertension and heart disease ? 2. degree Ⅲ heart failure Terminology Study (8) ? 1. atherosclerosis動脈粥樣硬化 : athero表示動脈粥樣化，粉瘤，如 atheroma (動脈粥樣化，粉瘤 )， atheromatous plaque (動脈粥樣斑 )。診斷為擴(kuò)張型心肌病，給予呋塞米 20mg靜脈推注，每天 1次，毛花苷 C ，每天一次，卡托普利 ，每天 3次，美托洛爾，每天兩次。 ? 7. stethoscope聽診器 : stetho表示胸，如stethoparalysis (胸肌麻痹 )， stethoscopy (聽診器檢查 ) ， stethometer (胸圍計(jì) )。 ? 3. pleuritis胸膜炎 : pleur(o)表示胸膜，如 pleurisy (胸膜炎 )， pleurocentesis (胸腔穿刺術(shù) ) ， pleurorrhea (胸膜腔滲液 )。 ? 6. dyspnea呼吸困難 : pnea表示呼吸，如orthopnea (端坐呼吸 )， tachypnea (呼吸急促 )，bradypnea (呼吸過慢 ) 。 ? 2. pericarditis心包炎 : peri表示周圍，如 pericardium (心包 )， periosteum (骨膜 )， peridontitis (牙周炎 ) 。 Terminology Study (6) ? 9. thymectomy胸腺切除術(shù) : thymus 是胸腺的意， ectomy 表示切除術(shù)，如 splenectomy (脾切除術(shù) )， thyroidectomy (甲狀腺切除術(shù) )。 Terminology Study (6) ? 5. sclerosis硬化癥 : sclero 表示硬化，鞏膜，如 arteriosclerosis (動脈硬化 )， atherosclerosis (動脈粥樣硬化 )， scleritis (鞏膜炎 )。 Fleshy Belly Insertion and Origin of Muscles Fascia Muscle Hypertrophy/Atrophy Terminology Study (6) ? 1. myasthenia肌無力 : my(o)表示肌，如 myocarditis (心肌炎 )，myoatrophy (肌萎縮 )， myositis (肌炎 )； asthen(o)表示衰弱，無力，如 asthenia (無力 )， asthenopia (視力疲勞，視衰 ) ； ia表示病況，如 arrhythmia(心律不齊 )， dysphagia(吞咽困難 )。 ? 4. sinoatrial竇房的 : sino表示竇，鼻竇 (sinus)，如 sinusitis (鼻竇炎 )。 ? accessory ans。 lysosome ? capillary。 collagen ? striated muscles。 ? 7. corticosteroid 皮質(zhì)類固醇： cortico表示皮質(zhì)，如 cortisol (皮質(zhì)醇 )， corticospinal (皮質(zhì)脊髓的 ) 。 ? 3. osteomyelitis骨髓炎 : myelo表示髓，如 myelitis (脊髓炎 )，myelography (脊髓造影 )， myeloma (骨髓瘤 ) 。 ? 鎂元素缺乏可抑制該進(jìn)程。 ? 該功能有 2個作用，即新組織可代替磨損或受傷的骨骼，和儲存鈣質(zhì)。 ? Examples of the flat bone: ? 椎骨，面骨等。 ? Examples of the short bone: ? 腕骨，踝骨等 Bones ? Structure of a flat bone: ? 較薄，由大致平行的密質(zhì)骨板含一層骨松質(zhì)組成。 ? 8. phosphate磷酸鹽： phospho表示磷，如 phospholipid (磷脂 )；ate有 …酸鹽意思，如 nitrate (硝酸鹽 )。 chondro表示軟骨，如 chondrocyte (軟骨細(xì)胞 )， chondroma (軟骨瘤 )。 physis表示生長之物。 ? 6. osteosara骨肉瘤 : sarco表示肉，如 sarcoid(肉樣的，類肉瘤 ) ； oma表示瘤，如 fibroma (纖維瘤 )， lipoma (脂肪瘤 ) 。 ? 2. phosphatase磷酸酶 : ase表示酶，如 amylase (淀粉酶 )，proteinase (蛋白酶 )， lipase (脂肪酶 )。 ? 6. calcitonin降鈣素 : calci表示石灰，鈣，如 calcification (鈣化 )，calcium (鈣 )； ton表示緊張，張力，如 muscle tone (肌張力 )，ophthalmotonometer (眼壓計(jì) )； in有物質(zhì)的意思，如 insulin (胰島素 )， vitamin (維生素 )， penicillin (青霉素 )， erythromycin (紅霉素 )。 ? 3. sesamoid籽骨 : oid表示 …樣的，類 …的，如 rheumatoid (類風(fēng)濕的 )， sigmoid (乙狀的 )， steroid (類固醇 )， lipoid (類脂 ) 。 Porosis是空洞形成，骨痂形成的意思。 ? 3. pelvic: pelvi為表示盆，腎盂的前綴，如 pelvis (骨盆，腎盂 )，pelvimetry (骨盆測量 )， pelvilithotomy (腎盂切開取石術(shù) )，pelviureteroradiography (腎盂輸尿管造影 )。 ? 7. mito: 表示線，有絲分裂，如 mitochondria (線粒體 )，mitogenic (促有絲分裂的 )， mitosis (有絲分裂 )。 ? 3. anatomy: tomy為表示切開的后綴，如 laparotomy (剖腹術(shù) )，thoracotomy (胸廓切開術(shù) )， tracheotomy (氣管切開術(shù) )。 ? provide tactile information。 ? produce male sex hormone (testosterone). ? Or ? produce and transport ovum (pl. ova)。但是，也有例外的情況，如：‘ gastroscope（胃鏡）。 hema。 multiple Singular and Plural Forms of Medical Terms 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 例詞單數(shù) 例詞復(fù)數(shù) 中文意思 a ae scapula scapulae 肩胛骨 ix ices appendix appendices 闌尾 ex ices corte