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脾腎應(yīng)用解剖ppt課件-wenkub.com

2025-01-02 17:54 本頁(yè)面
   

【正文】 左、右側(cè)單支型腎動(dòng)脈外徑平均為(∽ ) 腎靜脈左側(cè)平均長(zhǎng)度為 (∽ cm),右側(cè)為(∽ )。 切取左腎時(shí), 要注意 左腎靜脈是否有變異,正常情況時(shí)左腎靜脈從腹主動(dòng)脈前方進(jìn)入下腔靜脈,據(jù)報(bào)道約有 2%的左腎靜脈從腹主動(dòng)脈后方進(jìn)入腔靜脈;或者有 2支腎靜脈從腹主動(dòng)脈前方或形成腎靜脈環(huán)分別從腹主動(dòng)脈的前后方進(jìn)入腔靜脈。 thick 222 General features Medial border- concave Renal hilum 腎門 - a vertical slit on the medial border of kidney Order of structures in the renal pedicle from A Renal pedicle腎蒂 the structures which enter and leave the renal hilum are enclosed together by connective tissue from S P: V. A. P. I: A. V. P. 左腎靜脈長(zhǎng) –Renal sinus 腎竇 which is the renal hilum leads into a space within the kidney Contents: the rental sinus is occupied by the renal vessels, minor renal calices, major renal calices, renal pelvis and some adipose tissue ? Minor renal calices 腎小盞 (78) ? Major real calices 腎大盞 (23) ? Renal pelvis 腎盂 Structure of the kidney ? Renal cortex 腎皮質(zhì) ? Renal medulla 腎髓質(zhì) –renal columns 腎柱 –Renal pyramids 腎錐體 : 1520 –Renal papilla 腎乳頭 –Papillary foramina 乳頭孔 腎筋膜 脂肪囊 Fibrous capsule 纖維囊 Coverings 腎的被膜 There are three layers of coverings surrounding each kidney The factors maintaining the normal position of kidney ?coverings of kidney ?greater vessels ?neighbouring ans ?peritoneum ?pressure in the abdominal cavity Cachexia( 惡病質(zhì)) : Nephroptosis (腎下垂 ) floating kidney( 游走腎) 腎血管與腎段 Renal vessels and Renal segmentation Superior segment Anterior superior segment Anterior inferior segment Inferior segment Posterior segment Superior segment Anterior superior segment Anterior inferior segment Inferior segment 前面觀 腎動(dòng)脈 腎動(dòng)脈 后面觀 后支 腎動(dòng)脈 Variation ? 腎形狀異常: ? 腎位置異常: 腎的畸形與異常: 腎移植 異位移植 : 髂窩 腎動(dòng)脈 髂外動(dòng)脈 /髂內(nèi)動(dòng)脈; 腎靜脈 髂外靜脈; 輸尿管 膀胱 供腎的切取原則 ① 取血管容易顯露的一側(cè); ②取只有一支腎動(dòng)脈的那側(cè)腎; ③取腎靜脈長(zhǎng)和單支腎靜脈的一側(cè)腎; ④參考受者移植腎植入的部位; ⑤最重要的是活體供腎后要保證供者留下的一側(cè)腎,能維持正常功能,所以應(yīng)將功能較好的一側(cè)腎留給供者。 3. 膈脾韌帶。 ?
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