【正文】 s plan contribution must meet certain minimum standards as to employee participation and vesting and employer funding. ERISA also approved the use of individual retirement accounts (IRAs) to encourage taxdeferred retirement savings by individuals. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) provided the largest tax cut up to that time, reducing the maximum individual rate from 70 percent to 50 percent (Pub. L. No. 9734, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 172). The most sweeping tax changes since world war ii were enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This bill was signed into law by President ronald reagan and was designed to equalize the tax treatment of various assets, eliminate tax shelters, and lower marginal rates. Conservatives wanted the act to provide a single, low tax rate that could be applied to everyone. Although this single, flat rate was not included in the final bill, tax rates were reduced to 15 percent on the first $17,850 of ine for singles and $29,750 for married couples, and set at 28 to 33 percent on remaining ine. Many deductions were repealed, such as a deduction available to twoine married couples that had 灌裝生產(chǎn) 線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) 組態(tài) 設計（課程設計題目） 28 been used to avoid the marriage penalty (a greater tax liability incurred when two persons filed their ine tax return as a married couple rather than as individuals). Although the personal exemption exclusion was increased, an exemption for elderly and blind persons who itemize deductions was repealed. In addition, a special capital gains rate was repealed, as was an investment tax credit that had been introduced in 1962 by President john f. kennedy. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, the first budget and tax act enacted during the Clinton administration, was vigorously debated, and passed with only the minimum number of necessary votes. This law provided for ine tax rates of 15, 28, 31, 36, and percent on varying levels of ine and for the taxation of social security ine if the taxpayer receives other ine over a certain level. In 2021 Congress enacted a major ine tax cut at the urging of President gee w. bush. Over the course of 11 years the law reduces marginal ine tax rates across all levels of ine. The 36 percent rate will be lowered to 33 percent, the 31 percent rate to 28 percent, the 28 percent rate to 25 percent. In addition, a new bottom 10 percent rate was created. Since the early 1980s, a flatrate tax system rather than the graduated bracketed method has been proposed. (The graduated bracketed method is the one that has been used since graduated taxes were introduced: the percentage of tax differs based on the amount of taxable ine.) The flatrate system would impose one rate, such as 20 percent, on all ine and would eliminate special deductions, credits, and exclusions. Despite firm support by some, the flatrate tax has not been adopted in the United States. Regardless of the changes made by legislators since 1913, the basic formula for puting the amount of tax owed has remained basically the same. To determine the amount of ine tax owed, certain deductions are taken from an individual39。 loan amp。還有報表及其實時數(shù)據(jù)的顯示，都是按照組態(tài)軟件實訓教程上一步步搞定了，很有成就感，這就是課設的魅力所在吧，越是艱難得到的，越是珍惜。后改為 200ms，效果明顯。 2. 第二個比較嚴重的問題是：在建立實時數(shù)據(jù)庫時，沒有認真考慮數(shù)據(jù)初值，這就導致在進入組態(tài)運行環(huán)境時，位置錯誤。在進入圖 42 畫面后，選中用戶管理，右鍵單擊，選擇屬性 灌裝生產(chǎn) 線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) 組態(tài) 設計（課程設計題目） 20 圖 47 選中左下角權限按鈕，進入權限設置界面，如圖： 圖 48 其他設置方法相同，這里不一一贅述。我們可以用如下方法改變其值，使水罐動起來 。 這時我們看見的畫面仍是靜止的。 灌裝生產(chǎn) 線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) 組態(tài) 設計（課程設計題目） 12 水流效果 水流效果是通過設置流動塊構件的屬性實現(xiàn)的。 本樣例中需要制作動畫效果的部分包括： 1．水箱中水位的升降 2．水泵、閥門的啟停 3. 水流效果 水位的升降效果 水位升降效果是通過設置數(shù)據(jù)對象 “大小變化 ”連接類型實現(xiàn)的。 [4] 單擊 “確認 ”，組對象設置完畢。具體 步驟如下： [1] 在數(shù)據(jù)對象列表中，雙擊 “液位組 ”，打開 “數(shù)據(jù)對象屬性設置 ” 窗口。 [3] 選中對象，按 “對象屬性 ”按鈕，或雙擊選中對象，則打開 “數(shù)據(jù)對象屬性設置 ” 窗口。 [3] 在光標閃爍位置輸入文字 “灌裝生產(chǎn)線 系統(tǒng)演示工程 ”，按回車鍵或在窗口任意位置用鼠標點擊一下，文字輸入完畢。 [4] 在 “用戶窗口 ”中，選中 “灌裝生產(chǎn)線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) ”，點擊右鍵，選擇下拉菜單中的 “設置為啟動窗口 ” 選項，將該窗口設置為運行時自動加載的窗口。下面進行詳細說明： 工程框架 ： a) 4 個用戶窗口：灌裝生產(chǎn)線監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)顯示、數(shù)據(jù)表格、封面 b) 3 個主菜單：系統(tǒng)管理、數(shù)據(jù)表格、數(shù)據(jù)顯示 c) 4 個子菜單：用戶登錄、用戶管理、修改密碼、退出登錄 d) 3 個策略：啟動策略、退出策略、循環(huán)策略 《監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)程序設計技術》課程設計報告 5 第 2章 實時數(shù)據(jù)庫組態(tài)設計說明 實時數(shù)據(jù)庫組態(tài)統(tǒng)計如下表 , 表 對象名稱 類型 注釋 number 數(shù)值型 對瓶子計數(shù) 垂直移動 數(shù)值型 瓶子 1 的垂直移動 水平移動 1 數(shù)值型 瓶子 1 的水平移動 水平移動 2 數(shù)值型 瓶子 2 的水平移動 果汁罐液位 數(shù)值型 果汁罐的液位 飲料瓶液位 數(shù)值型 飲料瓶中果汁的液位 可視化 1 開關型 瓶子 1 的可 見度標志位 可視化 2 開關型 瓶子 2 的可見度標志位 復位 開關型 是系統(tǒng)復位 啟動 開關型 啟動系統(tǒng) 抽水泵 開關型 出口閥 開關型 數(shù)據(jù) 組對象 飲料瓶液位和果汁罐液位 圖 21 為電腦截圖 灌裝生產(chǎn) 線監(jiān)控系