enrinology內(nèi)分泌總論-wenkub.com
2025-05-10 01:40 本頁面
【正文】 endocrinology crine: paracrine autocrine exocrine Endocrinology ? With development, the definition and scope of investigative and clinical endocrinology continues to expand. ? For example: heart, kidney, adipose tissue ? Components of the endocrine and metabolic systems Architectural and functional properties of endocrine and metabolic system Endocrine system Endocrine system consists of two main parts: ? Endocrine glands ? Sporadic endocrine tissues and cells in nonendocrine an Hypothalamuspituitarytarget gland Hypothalamuspituitary ? anterior pituitary releases six hormones: ACTH、 TSH、 FSH、 LH、 PRL、 GH ? posterior pituitary releases two hormones that are actually produced in the hypothalamus: 1. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) acts on the kidneys to conserve water and also promotes constriction of blood vessels. 2. oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and promotes milk “l(fā)etdown” in the breasts during lactation. HORMONE TARGET FUNCTION Thyroid (TSH) Stimulating Thyroid gland TH synthesis amp。 release Growth (GH) Many tissues growth Adrenocortico Tropin (ACTH) Adrenal cortex Cortisol release (androgens) Prolactin (Prl) Breast Milk production Follicle (FSH) Gonads Egg/sperm prod. Luteinizing (LH) Gonads Sex hormones ? An excess of growth hormone in children causes giantism. In adults it causes acromegaly. ? dwarfism (lack of growth hormone). ? Excess ACTH overstimulates the adrenal cortex, resulting in Cushing disease. ? Increased prolactin causes milk secretion, or galactorrhea, in both males and females. ? A specific lack of ADH from the posterior pituitary results in diabetes insipidus(polyuria and polydipsia). Hormones ? Pituitary ? TSH， ACTH， GH， PRL， LH， FSH ? Peripheral gland ? Thyroid： T3， T4 ? Parathyroid： PTH ? Adrenal： cortisol、 aldosterone ? Gonads： T， DHT， E ， P ? Liver： IGF ? kidney： 1， 25(OH)2D3 ? islets： insulin, glucagon（ 胰高血糖素 ） ? Apart from these glands, there are many tissues and cells sparsely distributed in nonendocrine ans, such as the atrium of the heart, the liver, the kidney, the gastrointestinal tract and the adipose tissues. Classification of hormone H
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