【正文】 Yan, 1992) over the pa,st years. However, design methodologies for the structural synthesis of opentype mechanisms with spatial motions are not available. In the past years, just a few articles focused on the configuration design of machining centers. Sugimura et al. (1981) used analytical approach to investigate the machine tool design. Ito and Shinno (1982, 1983, and 1987) generated the structural configuration of machine tools by using directed graphs. Reshetov and Portman (1988) proposed the configuration code for synthesizing the machine tool configurations with the same shaping function. The concept of configuration code was widely used on the configuration synthesis of 5axis machine tools (Ishizawa, et al, 1991。 Freudenstein and Maki, 1979, 1983。 據(jù)聯(lián)系和聯(lián)合分配規(guī)則，我們可以專門樹圖的地圖集，以獲取專業(yè)樹圖。 基于路徑的長(zhǎng)度從分支頂點(diǎn)工具雜志，邊緣可分配根據(jù)的 R， P 和 C 中的專業(yè)化聯(lián)合置換后，我們必須找出這些專門樹圖受該機(jī)制約束的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)加工中心，我們要建立。如果這個(gè)頂點(diǎn)不存在，刪除此圖并轉(zhuǎn)到步驟 6。 選擇一個(gè)頂點(diǎn)，那里的路徑長(zhǎng)度為主軸是 4，如工作表。 之間的主軸頭和工作臺(tái)的邊緣，必須指定為棱鏡對(duì)。 必須有一個(gè)頂點(diǎn)，那里的路徑長(zhǎng)度為 4 主軸，作為工作表。 3。代表和分析的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)和加工中心，運(yùn)動(dòng)特色的坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的定義來描述的每一項(xiàng)議案軸加工中心分配為基礎(chǔ)的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織（ ISO，1974）命名。該工具雜志存儲(chǔ)工具和行動(dòng)為他們?cè)诩庸げ僮魇褂眠m合的崗位。的建議本文是提出一個(gè)對(duì)加工中心的自動(dòng)換刀可能的配置系統(tǒng)的一代，是開放式的設(shè)計(jì)方法，類型空間機(jī)制受拓?fù)浜瓦\(yùn)動(dòng)約束 。坂稻崎， 1992 年）。 （ 1981 年）使用的分析方法，調(diào)查的機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)。與平面機(jī)制的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的問題一直是過去幾年許多研究課題。作為結(jié)果，與鼓型刀庫， 6， 7 號(hào)的加工中心配置和 8 鏈接分別是 2， 13 和 20。 必須有工具一應(yīng)俱全，增加刀具更換所需的時(shí)間成本之間的平衡。雜志舉辦的工具數(shù)量是非常仔細(xì)地考慮。 in one form there a number of capsules embedded in the shank of the holder with five capsules fitted into the shanks. Each capsule generates a single decimal digit at the reading station. The capsules which are 7 ㎜ diameter and 5 ㎜ thick can either be glued into holes in the shank or can be held in element holders which can easily be changed if necessary. The tool number is ‘ read’when the tool passes in the proximity of a sensing head. The reading head contains an electrical circuit and the number is generated by inductive coupling. It is reported that the reading of the number can be at speeds of up to of 30m/min. an individual capsule has a memory capacity to store up to 1 K bit of data. The information ‘ written and read’ can be the tool number of up to 16 digits, and also details on the tool setting length and diameter offsets, tool life etc. For CNC centres there are a number of tool holding systems available, but the contrast between the tyoe of tools used on machining and turning centered results in different turrent and magazine tool changing arrangements. ? Tool holding on machining centres On milling and drilling machines there are a number of quick clawing action tool holders. One type has a clamping ring on the spindle nose that needs less than a plete turn to secure the tool holder into the spindle nose. Another type has a draw bar which passes through the centre of the spindle and screws into the end of the shank to pull the holders securely into the spindle nose. The draw bar can be rotated rapidly by a special mechanism. Figure shows an airactuated hydraulicpowered draw bar. Which has a safety interlock to prevent the spindle rotating if the tool is not correctly located. For manual loading the tool holder can be released when the operator pressed a button on the head of the machine. For automatic tool loading the releasing of the tools can be programmed. A mon type of shank has a nonstick taper which has an included angle of the order of 16 degrees。 due attention being paid to the safety of the operations. For situations where there may be a single machine or small numbers of CNC machines, manual tool changing is widely used. However, for continuous operation of machiones such as in flexible manufacturing cells, various programmable automatic tool changing techniques have been developed which have a number of advantages such as: （ a） Unattended operation of the machine （ b） Provision of information for management on the number of times a tool has been used （ c） More accurate estimation of machining costs because the time of changing the tool is known （ d） Generally tool changing times are reduced. ? Manual tool changing This is the least sophisticated method and an important consideration with manual tool changing is that efficient operation is dependent on the ability of the operator to select the correct tool to be loaded. There are, however, some advantages with this method of tool loading. （ a） When changing the tool with quick clamping action tool holders, the overall time from stop to restart of cutting can approach that of the automatic methods. （ b） There is no theoretical limit to the number of tools from which the selection can be made. （ c） The tools can easily be checked after each change to decide if they require regrinding. The checking will not increase the machining time as it can take place while the tool that has been loaded is cutting. ? Tool identification For numerically controlled machines it is usually necessary for a number to be allocated to every tool. The number may have to be entered in the part program and be input into the machine control unit。刀架可以快速，輕松地?fù)Q除，因?yàn)椴绘i錐度，夾緊機(jī)制被釋放時(shí)，刀架是免費(fèi)的。 一個(gè)常見的類型有柄不粘錐形，其中有一個(gè)夾角 16 度的順序，而不是如其中有一個(gè)約 3 度的角度的錐的摩擦式錐度。圖 顯示了一個(gè)空氣驅(qū)動(dòng)的液壓動(dòng)力拉桿。 ? 加工中心刀柄 銑削和鉆孔機(jī)上有一個(gè)快速抓行動(dòng)刀柄的數(shù)量。個(gè)別刀庫具有記憶容量存儲(chǔ)多達(dá) 1 數(shù)據(jù) K位。刀庫，這是 7mm 徑和 mm厚可以被粘在刀柄孔或持有人可以很容易地改變，如果必要的元素可以舉行。 另一個(gè) 刀 具識(shí)別系統(tǒng)使用小型密封膠囊嵌入在 刀柄 的持有人。通常是擰衣領(lǐng)，使環(huán)和墊片可以在設(shè)計(jì)的順序安排創(chuàng)建工具數(shù)量可以拆除。大直徑環(huán)激活在讀數(shù)頭上； 大直徑環(huán)激活微調(diào)讀數(shù)頭 。這樣的安排是必不可少的刀具被放置 在正確的位置，在設(shè)立階段，正確使用后也取代。一個(gè)熟練的操作人員應(yīng)該能夠認(rèn)識(shí)到一個(gè)特定的加工操作，尤其是當(dāng)一項(xiàng)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃和工具詳細(xì)表已提供使用的工具。在零件程序的數(shù)量可能要進(jìn)入到機(jī)器控制單元的輸入 。 （ b） 有沒有理論限制的工具，可以從中選擇。然而，連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)器，如柔性制造單元，各種可編程的自動(dòng)換刀技術(shù)已發(fā)展有許多優(yōu)勢(shì)，如： （ a） 無人操作的機(jī)器 （ b） 提供信息管理上的次數(shù)已經(jīng)使用的工具 （ c） 更準(zhǔn)確地估計(jì)加工成本改變工具的時(shí)間，因?yàn)?