【正文】 而利用新型的彩色液晶薄型顯示器替代傳統(tǒng)的陰極射線管，將使數(shù)控操作系統(tǒng)進(jìn)一步 小型化。還通過(guò)自動(dòng)運(yùn)行啟動(dòng)診斷、在線診斷、離線診 斷等多種診斷程序，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)硬件、軟件和各種外部設(shè)備進(jìn)行故障診斷和報(bào)警。隨著 CIMS 技術(shù)的發(fā)展，當(dāng)前又出現(xiàn)了 CAD／ CAPP／ CAM 集成的全自動(dòng)編程方式，它與 CAD／CAM 系統(tǒng)編程的最大區(qū)別是其編程所需的加工工藝參數(shù)不必由人工參與，直接從系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的 CAPP 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)獲得。還可以自動(dòng)使故障模塊脫機(jī)，而接通備用模塊，以確保無(wú)人化工作環(huán)境的要求。為了 適應(yīng)柔性制造系統(tǒng)和計(jì)算機(jī)集成系統(tǒng)的要求，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)具有遠(yuǎn)距離串行接口，甚至可以聯(lián)網(wǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)控機(jī)床之間的數(shù)據(jù)通信，也可以直接對(duì)多臺(tái)數(shù)控機(jī)床進(jìn)行控制。 為適應(yīng)超高速加工的要求，數(shù)控機(jī)床采用主軸電動(dòng)機(jī)與機(jī)床主軸合二為一的結(jié)構(gòu)形式，實(shí)現(xiàn)了變頻電動(dòng)機(jī)與 機(jī)床主軸一體化，主軸電機(jī)的軸承采用磁浮軸承、液體動(dòng)靜壓軸承或陶瓷滾動(dòng)軸承等形式。目前，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)采用位數(shù)、頻率更高的處理器，以提高系統(tǒng)的基本運(yùn)算速度。 （ 3）按特殊功能分類(lèi)有： 單工作臺(tái)、雙工作臺(tái)加工中心； 單軸、雙軸、三軸及可換主軸箱的加工中心； 立式轉(zhuǎn)塔加工中心和臥式轉(zhuǎn)塔加工中心； 刀庫(kù)加主軸換刀加工中心； 刀庫(kù)接寫(xiě)手加 主軸換刀加工中心； 刀庫(kù)加機(jī)械手加雙主軸轉(zhuǎn)塔加工中心。 五面加工中心，這種加工中心具有立式和臥式加工中心的功能，在工件一次裝夾后，能完成除安裝面外的所有五個(gè)面的加工，這種加工方式可以使工件的形狀誤差降到最低，省去二次裝夾工作，從而提高生產(chǎn)效率，降低加工成本。它與力式加工中心相比，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，占地面積大，質(zhì)量大，價(jià)格高。 C、數(shù)控裝備的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將極大地滿足生產(chǎn)線制造系統(tǒng)、制造企業(yè)對(duì)信息集成的需求，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)新的制造模式的基礎(chǔ)單元。 （ 3）、提高機(jī)床加工生產(chǎn)率的研究 世界 NC 機(jī)床、加工中心及相應(yīng)的高速點(diǎn)主軸、直線電機(jī)、測(cè)量系統(tǒng)、 NC系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)，均以提高生產(chǎn)率為前提。在 1991— 1994 年間，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，昂貴的 FMS， CIMS 降溫， 1995— 2020 年間，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)在低速增長(zhǎng)，根據(jù)當(dāng)前世界市場(chǎng)各方面用戶為提高生產(chǎn)率對(duì) NC 機(jī)床的要求以及世界四大國(guó)際機(jī)床展（歐洲的 EMO、美國(guó)的 IMTS、日本的 JIMTOF、中國(guó)的 CIMT）上展品的分析，當(dāng)前世界 NC 機(jī)床的技術(shù)研究主要有以下幾點(diǎn)： （ 1）、更加重視新技術(shù)和創(chuàng)新 在世界范圍內(nèi)，對(duì)新工藝、新材料、新結(jié)構(gòu)、新單元、新元件的研究開(kāi)發(fā)工作正在大力開(kāi)展，如新的刀具材料、新的主軸結(jié)構(gòu)、高速電主軸、高速直線電機(jī)等的開(kāi)發(fā)研究。t by artificial to participate in most, get from CAPP database in system directly. （ 5） . The dependability of the dependability maximization numerical control lathe has been the major indicator that users cared about most all the time . The numerical control system will adopt the circuit chip of higher integrated level , will utilize the extensive or super largescale specialpurpose and posite integrated circuit, in order to reduce the quantity of the ponents and parts , to improve dependability . Through the function software of the hardware, in order to meet various kinds of demands for controlling the function, adopt the module , standardization , universalization and seriation of the structure lathe noumenonn of the hardware at the same time , make not only improve the production lot of the hardware but also easy to is it produce to organize and quality check on.. Still through operating and starting many kinds of diagnostic programs of diagnosing , diagnosing , diagnosing offline online etc. automatically, realize that diagnoses and reports to the police the trouble to hardware , software and various kinds of outside equipment in the system. Utilize the warning suggestion, fix a breakdown in time。 Transfer vertically to the tower machining center and transfer 。s knowledge plays is more outstanding , and the machine tool industry is regarded as the foundation of the manufacturing industry of the machine, its key position and strategic meaning are more obvious. Within 19911994 years, the economic recession of the world, expensive FMS, CIMS lowers the temperature, among 19952020 years, the international economy increases at a low speed, according to requisition for NC lathe and the world four major international lathes exhibition in order to boost productivity of users of various fields of present world market (EMO , IMTS , JIMTOF , China CIMT of Japan of . of Europe), have the analysis of the exhibit, there are the following several points mainly in the technical research of NC lathe in our times: （ 1）、 Pay more attention to new technology and innovation Worldwide , are launching the new craft , new material , new structure , new unit , research and development of the new ponent in a more costeffective manner, developmental research of for instance new cutter material , the new electric main shaft of main shaft structure , high speed , highspeed straight line electrical machinery ,etc.. Regard innovating in improvement of the processing technology as the foundation, for process ultra and hard difficult to cut material and special posite and plicated part , irregular curved surface ,etc. research and develop new lathe variety constantly. （ 2）、 Improve the precision and research of machine tooling