污染控制與墨西哥吸收外商直接投資：一個產業(yè)層面的分析外文翻譯-wenkub.com
2025-05-06 22:52 本頁面
【正文】 污染避難所限制進口可能違反了世貿組織協(xié)定，如果外商直接投資是有利代替訪問東道國或其他外國市場的地址。對于其他污染物比較少的監(jiān)管或大部分來自非業(yè)內人士透露，外商直接投資與污染之間沒有檢測到系統(tǒng)的關系。 我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)，污染避難所效應存在的證據(jù)?，F(xiàn)有文獻在很多程度都沒有找到一個避風港效應污染多的證據(jù)，按照這個概念，污染減排成本只是構成總成本大小的一個小部分，以推動企業(yè)的選址決策。我們專注于外商直接投資的沒有，而不是因我們認為發(fā)展中國家知識在環(huán)境標準方面有比較低的標準優(yōu)勢。 他的研究有助于對污染避難所在文學方面的幾個解釋。最后，當許多不可觀測特性等，在生產勞動強度較高的情況下，是否在實證分析下，此估計是失之偏頗的。環(huán)境規(guī)制的范圍也只是在最近才有所回升。 實證分析 在實證方面，許多研究面臨著諸如未觀察到的異質性，聚集的偏見或者對環(huán) 境嚴格可能會有內生性問題。在工業(yè)發(fā)展早期階段較低的環(huán)境標準會吸引過多的污染行業(yè)。 2020 年在中國的一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，污染避難所的作用相對來說是比較微弱的，后者只是對香港，臺灣和澳門的投資者有效。只有少數(shù)的報告支持了受環(huán)境標準影響的實證，表示對貿易或企業(yè)的投資決策起了重大影響。例如，勞工和環(huán)境方面，北美自由貿易協(xié)定在尋求美國與墨西哥之間的“標準”。經(jīng)分析結果表明，環(huán)境因素可能對企業(yè)的投資決策有所影響。我們將問題的焦點集聚到了排污標準上，而不是在排污稅上。a Federal de Protecci243。 1 本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯 外文題目： Pollution Control and Foreign Direct Investment in Mexico: An IndustryLevel Analysis 出 處： Environmental and Resource Economics 作 者： Andreas Waldkirch and Munisamy Gopinath 譯 文： Pollution Control and Foreign Direct Investment in Mexico: An IndustryLevel Analysis Andreas Waldkirch and Munisamy Gopinath ABSTRACT Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows into developing countries have been increasing dramatically over the past decade. At the same time, there has been widespread concern that lax environmental standards are in part responsible for this surge. This paper revisits the question of the existence of a pollution haven effect by examining the extent to which the pollution intensity of production helps explain FDI in Mexico. We focus on pollution intensities, which are directly related to emission regulations, rather than unobservable pollution taxes and allow for substitution between capital and pollution. Examining several different pollutants, we find a positive correlation between FDI and pollution that is statistically and economically significant in the case of the highly regulated sulfur dioxide emissions. Industries for which the estimated relationship between FDI and pollution is positive receive up to 30% of total FDI and 30% of manufacturing output. Although we confirm the importance of Mexico’s parative advantage in laborintensive production processes, consistent with the previous literature, our results suggest that environmental considerations may matter as well for firms’ investment decisions. Introduction 2 Concerns about the effects of environmental standards on trade and investment flows abound. There is much talk about a “race to the bottom”, where developing countries in particular are said to be increasing their petitive advantage in the world economy due to lower labor and environmental standards. Some in the developed world view the lower standards as “unfair” cost advantages and ha
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