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單片機(jī)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)英文翻譯--單片機(jī)的組成-單片機(jī)-wenkub.com

2025-01-15 08:00 本頁(yè)面
   

【正文】 MCS- 51 單片機(jī)應(yīng)用廣泛,派生品種多,具有代表性,所以,這里以 MCS- 51 系列的指令系統(tǒng)為例說(shuō)明“指令”的組成和應(yīng)用。程序是由指令組成的,指令的基本組成是操作碼和操作數(shù)。這些特殊功能寄存器大體上分為兩類,一類與芯片的引腳有關(guān),另一類作片內(nèi)功能的控制用。各特殊功能 寄存器的符號(hào)和地址見(jiàn)附表 2。在這兩位上放入不同的二進(jìn)制數(shù),即可選用不同的寄存器組,如附表 1 所示。在此 256 個(gè)字節(jié)中,還開辟有一個(gè)所謂“位地址”區(qū),該區(qū)域內(nèi)不但可按字節(jié)尋址,還可按“位( bit)”尋址。實(shí)際使用時(shí)應(yīng)首先充分利用內(nèi)部存儲(chǔ)器,從使用角度講,搞清內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器的結(jié)構(gòu)和地址分配是十分重要的。當(dāng) EA 為高電平時(shí),用戶在 0000H 至 0FFFH 范圍內(nèi)使用內(nèi)部 ROM,大于 0FFFH 后,單片機(jī) CPU 自動(dòng)訪問(wèn)外部程序存儲(chǔ)器。程序存儲(chǔ)器可以放在片內(nèi)或片外,亦可片內(nèi)片外同時(shí)設(shè)置。存儲(chǔ)器的存儲(chǔ)單元地址和存儲(chǔ)單元的內(nèi)容是不同的兩個(gè)概念,不能混淆。 8051 CPU碢 C 指定的地址,從 ROM 相應(yīng)單元中取出指令字節(jié)放在指令寄存器中寄存,然后,指令寄存器中的指令代碼被譯碼器譯成各種形式的控制信號(hào),這些信號(hào)與單片機(jī)時(shí)鐘振蕩器產(chǎn)生的時(shí)鐘脈沖在定時(shí)與控制電路中相結(jié)合,形成按一定時(shí)間節(jié)拍變化的電平和時(shí)鐘,即所謂控制信 息,在 CPU 內(nèi)部協(xié)調(diào)寄存器之間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、運(yùn)算等操作。單片機(jī)動(dòng)作時(shí)應(yīng)按順序一條條取出指令來(lái)加以執(zhí)行。其功能在介紹位指令時(shí)再說(shuō)明。 4 奇偶標(biāo)志 P。 2 輔助進(jìn)位標(biāo)志 AC。 PSW CY AC FO RS1 RS0 OV - P 對(duì)用戶來(lái)講,最關(guān)心的是以下四位。在進(jìn)行算術(shù)、邏輯運(yùn)算時(shí),累加器 ACC 往往在運(yùn)算前暫存一個(gè)操作數(shù)(如被加數(shù)),而運(yùn)算后又保存其結(jié)果(如代數(shù)和)。由機(jī)器碼構(gòu)成的用戶程序一旦“進(jìn)入”了單片機(jī),再“啟動(dòng)”單片機(jī),就可讓它執(zhí)行輸入程序所規(guī)定的任務(wù)。這樣,每條指令有明顯的動(dòng)作特征,易于記憶和理解,也不容易出錯(cuò)。所以,在指令系統(tǒng)中有單字節(jié)指令,也有多字節(jié)指令。要單片機(jī)運(yùn)作,單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)中的所有指令,都必須以二進(jìn)制編碼的形式來(lái)表示。單片機(jī)用戶為解決 自己的問(wèn)題所編的指令程序,稱為源程序( Source Program)。但是怎樣才能辨別和執(zhí)行這些操作呢?這是在設(shè)計(jì)單片機(jī)時(shí)由設(shè)計(jì)人員賦予它的指令系統(tǒng)所決定的。單片機(jī)所以能自動(dòng)地進(jìn)行運(yùn)算和控制,正是由于人把實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算和控制的步驟一步步地用命令的形式,即一條條指令( Instruction)預(yù)先存入到存貯器中,單片機(jī)在 CPU 的控制下,將指令一條條地取出來(lái),并加以翻譯和執(zhí)行。但是,光有這樣的硬件,還只是有了實(shí)現(xiàn)計(jì)算和控制功能的可能性。 現(xiàn)在,我們已經(jīng)知道了單片機(jī)的組成,余下的問(wèn)題是如何將它們的各部分連接成相互關(guān)聯(lián)的整體呢?實(shí)際上,單片機(jī)內(nèi)部有一條將它們連接起來(lái)的“紐帶”,即所謂的“內(nèi)部總線”。因此,在單片機(jī)中就設(shè)置有定時(shí)器兼計(jì)數(shù)器,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)與本連載之(二)中的舉例類似。而讀寫存貯器可隨時(shí)存入或讀出數(shù)據(jù)。所以,這一類信息就稱為控制命令,即由控制器去控制運(yùn)算器一步步地進(jìn)行運(yùn)算和處理,又控制存貯器的讀(取出數(shù)據(jù))和寫(存入數(shù)據(jù))等。在單片機(jī)中,基本上有三類信息在流動(dòng),一類是數(shù)據(jù),即各種原始數(shù)據(jù)(如上例中的 3 163 等)、中間結(jié)果(如 166247。 如上例中,當(dāng)在計(jì)算 163 156 時(shí),數(shù)字 36 就不能同時(shí)進(jìn)入運(yùn)算器。 現(xiàn)在,我們用單片機(jī)來(lái)完成上述過(guò)程,顯然,它首先要有代替算盤進(jìn)行運(yùn)算的部件,這就是“運(yùn)算器”;其次,要有能起到紙和筆作用的器件,即能記憶原始題目、原始數(shù) 據(jù)和中間結(jié)果,還要記住使單片機(jī)能自動(dòng)進(jìn)行運(yùn)算而編制的各種命令。 34。 operand that participate in the operation or operand address is located (that is, the operand stored in the local code). Because the single chip is a programmable device, only recognize the binary code (0,1). Operation to singlechip, singlechip microputer system in all directions, must be the form of binary code to represent. For example, in Intel39。 Secondly, there must be able to play the role of devices, which can remember the original subject, the raw data and intermediate results, but also remember to enable singlechip operation can be automatically prepared by the various orders. These devices called memory. In addition, the need to replace the role of the controller, it will be in accordance with an order prior to issuing various control signals so that the whole process can be calculated step by step manner. However, this threepart light enough, the original data and mands to be input, the results of the calculation to the output, are required by the order in which they sometimes need to wait. The first step: the first number from its storage unit (Location) in the check out to the puting device. Step two: the second number from its storage unit in the check out to the puting device。英文翻譯 Singlechip ponents To autoplete singlechip basis, it should be the most important part of what it? Calculated as an example we calculate on an abacus math problems together. Cases: 36 +163 156166 247。 the third step: add。s MCS51 series singlechip, from a number of memory out of the accumulator to the CPU (in the puting device, the participation in puting, puting the results of the dedicated storage registers) for the mand code 74H , an immediate increase in the number of accumulator the contents of the code for the 24H, together with the number of code immediately, send the number of accumulator to the internal RAM memory for the code, such as F6H ~ F7H. These instructions are binary hexadecimal binary. MCS51 MCU 8bit word length, and sometimes, it is necessary to plete a certain operation can not be fully expressed bytes. Therefore, in the instruction in singlebyte instruction, but also a number of byte instructions. By a series of binary 0 and 1 ponents, there is no obvious characteristics, poor memory, difficult to understand and easy to make mistakes. Therefore, the direct use of it is very difficult to write procedures. Thus, people with some Mnemonic (Mue monic) usually the mand function to replace the English abbreviation opcode, such as the MCS51 in the transmission of several monly us
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