【正文】 ② singleuse biological Ji can not meet the needs of practical application。 biological methods can only remove the printing and dyeing wastewater BOD, COD, especially for toxic and refractory anics and color out of little effect. Single approach can not meet the current requirements of the development of dyeing wastewater. 2 Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Treatment and Trends traditional methods and process improvement Adsorption Charcoal activated carbon black. Black amorphous granular or fine powder. Activated carbon in the structure due to crystallite carbon is irregular, pores are in cross connection between, on the activation will produce carbon tissue defects, so it is a kind of porous carbon, low bulk density, large specific surface area, do not dissolve in any solvent. A selective adsorption capacities of various gas, anic pigment and nitrogenous base has high capacity of adsorption capacity. Activated carbon has a strong adsorption and chemical adsorption role, can be certain anic pounds adsorption removal effect, making use of this theory, we can quickly and effectively remove harmful substances, the aquarium water odor and pigment and so on, so that the water quality directly and rapidly improve. Activated carbon adsorption is one of the most important the most effective technique of advanced treatment of city sewage, widely used. Activated carbon as an excellent adsorbent has been widely used in water treatment. The best adsorbent is still colored printing and dyeing wastewater. However, activated carbon is expensive, and the regeneration is difficult, so usually only applied to the low concentration of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment and advanced treatment. The biggest problem is difficult to achieve the adsorbent regeneration. At present, domestic and abroad, using activated carbon adsorption method, this method is very effective for the removal of dissolved anic matter in water, but it can39。s environmental awareness, our increased investment in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. According to textile dyeing and finishing of industrial water pollutant discharge standards, in addition to class Ⅲ effluent changed little, the state increased the classⅠ andⅡ dyeing wastewater effluent BOD, COD, color, suspended solids, ammonia, aniline, Chlorine dioxide emission limits and other indicators. The general water quality printing and dyeing wastewater average COD8002021mg / L, chroma 200800 times, pH, 1013, BOD / COD for the , so printing is a printing and dyeing wastewater discharge standards in the industry need to solve the problem. The difficulties in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment ponents of plex printing and dyeing wastewater Printing and dyeing wastewater refers to the process of dyeing process wastewater discharged by each process a mixture of mixed wastewater. Include: preprocessing stage (such as singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization) emissions desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization wastewater。相信隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步，印染廢水的處理工藝將逐漸完善，投資省、運(yùn)行費(fèi)用低、操作簡(jiǎn)單的處理技術(shù)將給印染廢水的處理帶來新的希望。隨著人口的不斷增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，加之水污染的日益嚴(yán)重，可利用的水資源數(shù)量日益短缺，造成水危機(jī)。高能物理法處理印染廢水具有有機(jī)物的去除率高、設(shè)備占地小、 操作簡(jiǎn)單、 用來產(chǎn)生高能粒子的裝置昂貴、技術(shù)要求高、 能耗大、 能量利用率不高等特點(diǎn)。該方法的原理是廢水經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)池加入選定的絮凝劑后進(jìn)入氣波振室 ， 在額定的震蕩頻率的激烈震蕩下 ， 廢水中的一部分有機(jī)物被開鍵成為小分子 ， 在加速水分子的熱運(yùn)動(dòng)下 ， 絮凝劑迅速絮凝 ， 廢水中色度、 COD、苯胺濃度等隨之下降 ， 起到降低廢水中有機(jī)物濃度的作用?，F(xiàn)在膜處理技術(shù)主要有超濾膜，納米濾膜和反滲透膜。近年來， TiO2光催化劑的攙雜化、改性化成為研究的熱點(diǎn)。但是光催化氧化方法對(duì)高濃度廢水效果不太理想。 光化學(xué)氧化法由于其反應(yīng)條件溫和 (常溫、常壓 )、氧化能力強(qiáng)和速度快等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。有研究報(bào)道，采用厭氧 好氧工藝處理印染廢水，在進(jìn)水 CODcr為 1085mg/L， BODS為 315mg/L的情況下，二者的去除率分別可達(dá) ，再經(jīng)硫化床自然氧化和混凝沉淀處理，去除懸浮物，排水可達(dá)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 單一的好氧生物處理只能去除廢水中的部分易降解的有機(jī)物，色度問題無法解決。目前國(guó)內(nèi)主要采用好氧法進(jìn)行印染廢水處理。 電化學(xué)法具有設(shè)備小、占地少、運(yùn)行管理簡(jiǎn)單、 CODcr去除率高和脫色好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是沉淀生成量及電極材料消耗量較大，運(yùn)行費(fèi)用較高。 氧化法是一種優(yōu)良的印染廢水脫色方法，但如果氧化程度不足， 染料分子的發(fā)色基團(tuán)可能被破壞而脫色，但其中的COD仍未除盡；若將染料分子充分氧化，能量、藥劑量消耗可能會(huì)過大，成本太高 。 借助氧化還原作用破壞染料的共軛體系或發(fā)色基團(tuán)是印染脫色 處理的有效方法。包括無機(jī)混凝劑包括鐵鹽、鋁鹽、鎂鹽及無機(jī)絮劑，天然有機(jī)高分子絮凝劑，合成的有機(jī)高分子絮凝劑 ， 傳統(tǒng)混凝法對(duì)疏水性染料脫色效率很高。另外，活性炭吸附水溶性染料時(shí)吸附率高， 但不能吸附懸浮固體及不溶性染料。通?；钚蕴坑蓜?dòng)物性炭、木炭、瀝青炭等以含炭為主的物質(zhì)經(jīng)高溫炭化和活化而成。吸附劑的最大問題在于難以實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)再生?；钚蕴课绞浅鞘形鬯呒?jí)處理中最重要最有效的處理技術(shù)，得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。黑色無定形粒狀物或細(xì)微粉末。近二十年來，印染廢水水質(zhì)發(fā)生了很大的變化。 印染廢水水質(zhì)隨原材料、生產(chǎn)品種、生產(chǎn)工藝、管理水平的不同而有所差異，導(dǎo)致各個(gè)印染工序排放后匯總的廢水組分非常復(fù)雜。根據(jù)《紡織染整工業(yè)水污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》，除 Ⅲ 類污水排放指標(biāo)變化不大外，增加了 Ⅰ 類和 Ⅱ 類污水印染廢 BOD、 COD、色度、懸浮物、氨氮、苯胺類、二氧化氯等指標(biāo)的排放限定。因此開發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的處理印 染廢水技術(shù)，成為當(dāng)今環(huán)保工作者關(guān)注的課題。并指出不同印染廢水處理方法的組合是印染廢水處理的有效方法。 關(guān)鍵詞：印染廢水；處理方法 印染廢水是指棉、毛、化纖等紡織產(chǎn)品在染色、印花過程中所排放的廢水，其成分復(fù)雜，主要含以芳烴和雜環(huán)化合物為母體的帶有顯色基團(tuán)及極性基團(tuán)的染料。 印染廢水具有水量大、有機(jī)污染物含量高、難降解物質(zhì)多、色度高 ， 以及組分復(fù)雜等特點(diǎn) ， 屬難處理的工業(yè)廢水。而印染廢水水質(zhì)一般平均為 COD8002021mg/L，色度200800倍， pH值 1013， BOD/COD為 ，因此印染廢水的達(dá)標(biāo)排放是印染行業(yè)急需要解決的問題。隨著染料工業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展和后整理技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，新型助劑、染料、整理劑等在印染行業(yè)中被大量使用，難降解有毒有機(jī)成分的含量也越來越多，有些甚至是致癌、致突變、致畸變的有機(jī)物，對(duì)環(huán)境尤其是水環(huán)境的威脅和危害越來越大。傳統(tǒng)的印染廢水處理方法，如吸附、懸浮、過濾、混凝等具有設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單，操作簡(jiǎn)便和工藝成熟的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是這類處理方法通常是將有機(jī)物從液相轉(zhuǎn)移到固相或氣相，不僅沒有完全消除有機(jī)污染物和消耗化學(xué)藥劑，而且造成廢物堆積和二次污染；生物法只能除去印染廢水中的 BOD，對(duì)于 COD特別是有毒難降解有機(jī)物和色度的出