【正文】 0. avoid doing sth 避免做某事　　11. everyday things 日用品　　【考點(diǎn)詳解】　　1. made of 由……制(構(gòu))成，后接構(gòu)成某物質(zhì)的原料?！　±篢his skirt is made of 。　　be made of/from/up of的區(qū)別　　(1)be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么，保留原材料的質(zhì)和形狀，制作過(guò)程僅發(fā)生物理變化。　　例：The kite is made of 。　　(2)be made from 表示制成的東西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作過(guò)程中發(fā)生化學(xué)變化，在成品中已無(wú)法辨認(rèn)?！　±篢he paper is made from ?！　utter is made from milk. 黃油是從牛奶中提煉出來(lái)的?！　?3)be made up of 用……構(gòu)成或組成的，指人、物皆可，指結(jié)構(gòu)成分?！　±篛ur class is made up of six groups. 我們班是由六個(gè)小組組成的?！　?. It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.　　好像全世界的許多人都在喝中國(guó)茶?！　【湫汀癐t seems that…”意為“看起來(lái)好像/似乎……”，其中seem是連系動(dòng)詞，意為“似乎。好像”，句型中的it是形式主語(yǔ)，不能用其他代詞來(lái)替代。　　例：It seems that he was late for the train. 看來(lái)他沒(méi)趕上火車(chē)?！　eem的幾種常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)：　　(1)seem to do sth此句型可與“It seems that…”轉(zhuǎn)換?！　±篢hey seem to find the way to the cinema. =It seems that they find the way to the cinema.　　他們似乎找到了去電影院的路了?！　?2)seem+形容詞　　例：My temperature seems (to be) all right. 我的體溫看上去正常了?！　?3)seem+名詞　　例：That seems not a bad idea. 看上去主意不錯(cuò)?！　?. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing in factory.　　當(dāng)茶葉成熟時(shí)，就被用手工采摘然后送到工廠加工?！　〈司涫怯蓋hen 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，are picked, are sent都是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)?！　±篧hen the fruit are ready, they are picked and are sent to the market for sale.　　當(dāng)這些水果成熟后就被摘下來(lái)并送到市場(chǎng)上賣(mài)掉?！　?. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.　　無(wú)論你買(mǎi)什么，你都可能認(rèn)為那些產(chǎn)品是在那些國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的。　　此句為由”no matter +特殊疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。意為“無(wú)論….”，相當(dāng)于whatever?！　±篘o matter what I said to her, she still didn’t believe me.　　無(wú)論我對(duì)她說(shuō)什么，她仍然不相信我?！　?. find out, 查出，找到?！　±篢he police are trying to find out where the boy got off the train.　　警察正在查找這個(gè)男孩是從哪下的火車(chē)。　　find，find out和look for都含有“尋找、找到”的意思，但其含義和用法卻不同?！　、?find意為“找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)”，通常指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)具體的東西，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是找的結(jié)果?！　ill you find mea pen? 你替我找支鋼筆好嗎?　?、?look for意為“尋找”，是有目的地找，強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”這一動(dòng)作。　　例：I’m looking for my pen everywhere. 我正到處找我的鋼筆。　　He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子?！　、?find out意為“找出、發(fā)現(xiàn)、查明”，多指通過(guò)調(diào)查、尋問(wèn)、打聽(tīng)、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”，通常含有“經(jīng)過(guò)困難曲折”的含義，指找出較難找到的、無(wú)形的、抽象的東西。　　例：Please find out when the train leaves. 請(qǐng)查一下火車(chē)什么時(shí)候離站。　　Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question.　　【重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法】　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)　　一. 概念理解　　1. 時(shí)態(tài)：在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中，時(shí)態(tài)主要討論行為動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間?！　∪纾篐e often helps me with my English. 他經(jīng)常幫助我學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(help這個(gè)動(dòng)作經(jīng)常發(fā)生often。故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))　　2. 語(yǔ)態(tài)：在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中，語(yǔ)態(tài)主要討論句子主語(yǔ)與行為動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系。語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。　?、?主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者(執(zhí)行者)為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！　∪纾篢he tall boy often hits his classmates (主語(yǔ)boy是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞hit的發(fā)出者)?！　、?主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者(承受者)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成　　如：Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world(主語(yǔ)Chinese是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞speak的承受者)?！　?. 語(yǔ)態(tài)與時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)系：在任何一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子中都同時(shí)存在語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)，他們是分析一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子的兩個(gè)主要元素?！　∪纾孩?He is looking after his sister at home. (此句為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu))　　② He is being looked after well by his parents. (此句為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu))　　二. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：be +及物動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞　　說(shuō)明：① be 有時(shí)態(tài)，人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化?！　、?被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是及物動(dòng)詞。因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！　∪? 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用　　1. 當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by 短語(yǔ)?！　r. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. (只是告訴老師杯子壞了，不知是誰(shuí)弄壞的，或不想說(shuō)出誰(shuí)弄壞的)?！　?. 突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語(yǔ)。　　如：The cup was broken by Paul.　　四. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的變法：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之間如何轉(zhuǎn)換　　1. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。　　2. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的be + 過(guò)去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致?！　?. 把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(yǔ)，放在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)里謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，by 短語(yǔ)可以省略。如果原句主語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用in + 地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語(yǔ)?！　∥? 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am /is/ are +done　　如：Tea is grown in Hangzhou. 杭州種植茶葉。