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他們的第4個孩子,他們也將是自布萊爾夫婦后,第1對任內(nèi)生育的首相。,第六十九頁,共八十四頁。,Cabinet (Executive branch),Members consists of about 20 ministers chosen by the Prime Minister Members of Commons Sit on the “front benches” in the House of Commons Cabinet members hold meetings under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister for a few hours each week to decide Government policy on major issues.,第七十頁,共八十四頁。,Cabinet,Function It balances ministers39。 individual duties with their collective responsibility as members of the Government and takes the final decisions on all government policy. Cabinet Committees include those dealing with defence and overseas policy, economic policy, home and social affairs, the environment, and local government.,第七十一頁,共八十四頁。,Civil Service,文職人員,公務員 Servants of the Crown Nonpolitical group, There are about 541,800 civil servants in Britain now. Career officials who remain in office despite changes in government Offering advice about the possible consequences of policy Responsible for implementing the policies of Government,第七十二頁,共八十四頁。,United Kingdom: elections,the monarchy is hereditary A General Election must take place at least every five years, held in every constituency (635) to decide which individuals shall represent them in the House of Commons.,第七十三頁,共八十四頁。,Then the leader of the majority party with the largest number of members in the Commons is invited by the Queen to form a Government, and he is called the prime minister. The party with the second largest number of supporters in the Commons becomes the official Opposition to the Government. Shadow Cabinet The rule of Opposition is to help the formulation of policy, criticize the Government and debate with the Government.,第七十四頁,共八十四頁。,Political parties and leaders,Two major parties today: The Labor Party The Conservative Party Other parties: Liberal Democrats Party Unionist Party Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland),第七十五頁,共八十四頁。,Labor Party (工黨),1900年成立。該黨曾于1945-1951年,1964-1970年,1974-1979年上臺執(zhí)政。1997年大選獲勝執(zhí)政至今。工黨近年來更多傾向于中產(chǎn)階級的利益,與工會關系有所疏遠。布萊爾當選工黨領袖后,政治上提出“新工黨、新英國“的口號,取消黨章中有關公有制的條款,經(jīng)濟上主張減少政府干預,嚴格控制公共開支,保持宏觀經(jīng)濟穩(wěn)定增長,建立現(xiàn)代福利制度。,第七十六頁,共八十四頁。,對外主張積極參與國際合作,對歐洲一體化持積極態(tài)度,主張同美國保持特殊關系、現(xiàn)有黨員38.8萬名,是英國第一大黨。,第七十七頁,共八十四頁。,Conservative Party (保守黨),前身為1679年成立的托利黨,1833年改稱現(xiàn)名。該黨從1979至1997年4次連續(xù)執(zhí)政,成為20世紀在英國占主導地位的政黨,是執(zhí)政時間最長,大選得勝次數(shù)最多的政黨。1997年5月大選中遭受前所未有的慘敗下臺。保守黨的支持者一般來自企業(yè)界和富裕階層,主張自由市場經(jīng)濟。通過嚴格控制貨幣供應量和減少公共開支等措施來壓低通化膨脹。主張限制工會權利,加強 “法律” 和 “秩序”。,第七十八頁,共八十四頁。,認為英國是歐洲的一部分,反對聯(lián)邦歐洲,強調(diào)維護英國主權,提出建立“大西洋共同體“以加強英美關系。強調(diào)北約繼續(xù)是英國安全與防務的基石?,F(xiàn)有黨員33.5萬名。,第七十九頁,共八十四頁。,Liberal Democrats Party (自由民主黨),第三大黨。1988年3月由原自由黨和社會民主黨內(nèi)支持同自由黨合并的多數(shù)派組成。領袖尼克 克萊格(Nick Clegg) 。主張繼續(xù)維持與工黨的合作關系,推動工黨在地方選舉及下院選舉中實行比例代表制,在公共服務、社會公正、環(huán)境保護等問題上采取比工黨更“進步“的政策?,F(xiàn)有黨員約10萬名。,第八十頁,共八十四頁。,Party of Wales (威爾士民族黨) [Dafydd IWAN]。 Scottish National Party or SNP [蘇格蘭民族黨]。 Sinn Fein (新芬黨) (Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS]。 Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (社會民主工黨 (Northern Ireland) [Mark DURKAN]。 Ulster Unionist Party (北愛爾蘭統(tǒng)一黨) (Northern Ireland) [David TRIMBLE].,第八十一頁,共八十四頁。,人有了知識,就會具備各種分析能力, 明辨是非的能力。 所以我們要勤懇讀書,廣泛閱讀, 古人說“書中自有黃金屋。 ”通過閱讀科技書籍,我們能豐富知識, 培養(yǎng)邏輯思維能力; 通過閱讀文學作品,我們能提高文學鑒賞水平, 培養(yǎng)文學情趣; 通過閱讀報刊,我們能增長見識,擴大自己的知識面。 有許多書籍還能培養(yǎng)我們的道德情操, 給我們巨大的精神力量, 鼓舞我們前進。,第八十二頁,共八十四頁。,第八十三頁,共八十四頁。,內(nèi)容總結,Structure of the Central Government of the UK。1998年7月2日獲達勒姆大學頒受的榮譽學位。8月28日,雙方解除婚約。威塞克斯伯爵——愛德華王子。1997年5月,他在工黨執(zhí)政后出任英國財政大臣。鼓舞我們前進,第八十四頁,共八十