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一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)、答案、語法總結(jié)-資料下載頁

2024-11-16 23:47本頁面
  

【正文】 可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。如:He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在這兒教書。(可能還要繼續(xù)教)I have39。t seen her for four 。(3)表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作,現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn),一般譯為漢語“過”,常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時間狀語。如: I have been to Beijing 。(1)現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍,故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在強(qiáng)調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時,可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。如:We have already finished our 。They haven39。t finished their homework 。 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中,表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。如:Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎?I have never been to the Great 。,如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如:I have seen her before,but I can not remember ,但記不起在哪里見過。He has been there three times the last few ?!艾F(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語,如:now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如:Have you met him today?No,I haven39。?我 沒有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過那里多少次?(2)現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如:I haven39。t seen him for two ,像e,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用,必須改為“be(在)”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換:arrive→be herebegin(start)→be ondie→be deadfall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)get up→be upgo out→be outfinish →be overput on→wear 或be onopen→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…close→be closedgo to school→be a studentborrow→keepbuy→havecatch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →knowbegin to study→studye to work→work等如:He has been a soldier for three 。His father has been dead for two 。The film has been on for ten 。We have studied English for three (開始)學(xué)英語已三年了。現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等,而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻發(fā)生,不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較:I have lost my new 。(現(xiàn)在還未找到)I lost my new book 。(昨天丟的,現(xiàn)在找到與否沒說明)(1)have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別:have been(to)表示“去過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)”,可用于各人稱;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(說話時某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀保S糜诘谌朔Q,前者可與once ,never,several times等連用,后者則不能。如:They have been to Beijing 。He has gone to 。(2)如單純表示一段時間,或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時間,雖有since一詞,也不必用完成時。如:It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for 。(3)終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式,已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài),因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:I haven39。t left here since ,我一直沒有離開過這when, while和as的用法:(1)三者均可表示“當(dāng)……的時候”,如果主句謂語動詞表示的是短暫的動作,而從句表示的是一段時間,三者可以通用。例如:I met an old friend of mine as / when / while I was walking along the street.(當(dāng)我沿街散步時,碰見了我的一個老朋友。)(2)as和when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,謂語動詞可以是終止性動詞,while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,謂語動詞一般是延續(xù)性動詞。例如:It was raining hard when we got to the airport.(當(dāng)我們到達(dá)機(jī)場時,天正下著大雨。)(不能用while 引導(dǎo))(3)as強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語動詞與從句謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生;while強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語動詞表示的動作持續(xù)于while從句所指的整個時間內(nèi);when可以指主句謂語動詞和從句謂語動詞所表示的動作同時或先后發(fā)生。例如:She sang as she went along.(她邊走邊唱。)Please listen to me carefully while I read.(我朗讀的時候,請仔細(xì)聽。)When he reached home, he had a little rest.(回到家以后,他休息了一會兒。)also,too這兩個詞都是副詞,又都表示“也是”的意思,但在修辭意味和使用場合上有所不同。它們的區(qū)別如下:(一)一般說來,also用于比較正式(formal)的場合,語氣比too莊重; too是慣熟(familiar)的用語,使用范圍較廣。(二)also在句中的位置要緊靠動詞; too在句中的位置比較靈活,有時插入句中,前后用逗號分開,有時放在句末。(三)too只能用在肯定句中,不可用于否定句內(nèi)。在否定句中,只能用either;also則可以用在否定句中。下面請看例句:The Hong Kong Chief Executive also heads the university as Chancellor.香港行政長官也以(大學(xué))校監(jiān)身份領(lǐng)導(dǎo)大學(xué)。Reading books is learning,but application is also learning and the more important form of learning. 讀書是學(xué)習(xí),買踐也是學(xué)習(xí),而且是更重要的學(xué)習(xí)。We have not heard such a thing.,we also have never seen such a scene.我們沒有聽見過這種事情,我們也從來沒有見過這種場面。請注意,一般說來,also在句中的位置應(yīng)緊靠動詞,但有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)其意,也可以將它放在句首或句末。Here,too,the colon must be followed by a dash.這里也一樣,應(yīng)當(dāng)在冒號之后加破折號。Mary,too,can play the piano.瑪麗也會彈鋼琴。Could you speak Japanese?—Yes,and Spanish too.您會說日語嗎?——會的,還會說西班牙語哩。Also雖然和too同義,但前者大都用于書面語,后者大都用于口語。例:The lady washed the children and also gave them dinner.(書面語)The lady washed the children and gave them dinner too.(口語)as well as也;和…一樣;不但…而且作并列連詞相當(dāng)于not only…but also和no less…than,但not only…but also側(cè)重在后項(xiàng),no less…than 側(cè)重在前項(xiàng)。例如:We must learn to look at problems allsidedly, seeing the reverse as well as the obverse side or true man should be practical as well as ,看到它的反面正面的或事情。一個真實(shí)的人應(yīng)該是實(shí)用性以及具有前瞻性。在否定句中,as well as 的位置不同,句意往往有很大差別。比較下面的句子:He, as well as she, will not ,她也將不來。He will not e as well as ,但他將不來。(否定前者,肯定后者)Henry, as well as his brother, doesn39。39。t work ,工作不努力。Henry doesn39。39。t work hard as well as him ,但他弟弟努力。as well as 連接的應(yīng)是平等成分,都作主語或都作賓語等。例如:She was there as well as me.(誤)She was there as well as I.(正)else與other的區(qū)別other 是形容詞性,所以other修飾名詞。other people。other主要地是adj, pron剩余的,其余的,多 余的;其他的;不同的Where39。s my other glove?我的那只手套在哪兒?John and the others are 。I haven39。t brought many you get some others?我沒有多買糕點(diǎn),你有多余的嗎?Think of others as well as ,也要想到別人。else 只修飾兩類詞修飾 不定代詞 如 someone / someplace/ anything來指代另外一個,而不特別指明哪一個。如: i had nothing else to do修飾 whword。如what /who/where等如 what else do i need to do我需要做什么其他的?else多用于特殊疑問詞后。而other主要修飾名詞,放在名詞前面
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