【正文】
或說明。陳述式標(biāo)題的作文“The Importance of Reading Classics”,就不能選擇,必須對(duì)該標(biāo)題直接予以解釋或論述。但無論標(biāo)題為何種形式,一篇作文只能圍繞一個(gè)中心展開,否則就會(huì)走題,下筆千言而離題 萬里。其次,一個(gè)段落也只能針對(duì)一個(gè)中心展開,而且最好在開頭就鮮明地表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。具體而言,在四級(jí)作文中,就是圍繞提綱的中心以段落的形式對(duì)它 進(jìn)行豐富和發(fā)展。例如,請(qǐng)以“Will E?books replace traditional books”為題,按照下面的提綱寫一篇文章,即1).隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展,電子圖書越來越多。2).有人認(rèn)為電子圖書會(huì)取代傳統(tǒng)圖書,理由是?? 3).我的看法。對(duì)于第一點(diǎn),其中心就是“電子圖書越來越多”,只需要以此為中心展開說明,比如可以列舉一些具體的事例。對(duì)于第二點(diǎn),其中心是“有人認(rèn)為 電子圖書會(huì)取代傳統(tǒng)圖書”,其主要理由是什么。第三點(diǎn),我的看法如何呢,要么同意,要么不同意,再加以簡(jiǎn)單解釋。這樣,每段有每段的中心,所有段又都以第 三個(gè)提綱為核心,為其服務(wù)。這樣就有一個(gè)大概的輪廓,也不會(huì)跑題。再次,每句話也應(yīng)該而且只能有一個(gè)中心,而且要避免啰唆和重復(fù)。有的同學(xué),鑒于自己詞匯量有限,為了湊字?jǐn)?shù),或有的同學(xué),為了賣弄筆墨,可能會(huì) 利用一些復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)不斷地重復(fù)某個(gè)中心意思。這樣做,不但會(huì)影響文章的中心思想,而且也會(huì)讓人覺得晦澀難懂。例如,With regard to the fact that our environment is polluted, members of Congress should draft and consequently enact laws that prohibit pollution in our :Because our environment is polluted, Congress should pass laws prohibiting ,要盡量圍繞一個(gè)中心寫一些簡(jiǎn)潔的句子,在此基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)?shù)刈鲂┚湫妥兓涂梢裕灰晃蹲非笫褂瞄L句和復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。這樣做只會(huì)舍本逐 末、適得其反。總之,要記住句為段服務(wù)、段為篇服務(wù)、篇為中心或題目服務(wù),也就是所說的“一定中心”。指圍繞定好的“中心”確定寫作所要采用的方法——講道理和擺事實(shí)。(略)指確定文章的段落結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來說,一篇完整的四級(jí)應(yīng)試作文應(yīng)該包括三個(gè)部分,即:提出問題、分析問題和解決問題,也就是要回答“是什么、為什么 和怎么樣”三個(gè)問題。通常地,也可以理解為文章結(jié)構(gòu)形式的三個(gè)部分,即:開頭(起)、中間(承、轉(zhuǎn))、結(jié)尾(合)。(略)要靈活運(yùn)用四種句子結(jié)構(gòu)——簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句和拓展句,長短句要合理相間,發(fā)揮短句表達(dá)有力(多用作結(jié)論)、長句邏輯嚴(yán)密(多用于論證或 說明)的特點(diǎn),切忌采取單一句式。簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句,這是英語中三種基本的句子結(jié)構(gòu),大家不難理解。拓展句主要是指以前三種句子為基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)形成的比 較復(fù)雜的句子,其中有較多的非謂語成分,有的語法也將其稱為“復(fù)雜句”。(“拓展句”不是一個(gè)正規(guī)的語法概念,只是為了各位考生應(yīng)用和理解英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的 方便而提出的)。例如:After installed a skylight(天窗), the room looked ,但必須注意保持其結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性,尤其是在表達(dá)復(fù)雜而嚴(yán)密的意思的時(shí)候。寫作或檢查時(shí),必須依據(jù)“任何一句 話只能有一個(gè)謂語,多于一個(gè)謂語就必須有連接詞”的原則,避免犯句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的常見錯(cuò)誤。這里所說的“一句話”,其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是指以句號(hào)、問號(hào)、分號(hào)、感嘆號(hào) 結(jié)尾的句子。四種句子的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系如下:簡(jiǎn)單句→并列句(加并列連詞)→復(fù)合句(加表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞或代詞等)→拓展句(加非謂語等結(jié)構(gòu))。另外,還要注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的正確使用。有些同學(xué)寫作時(shí)不太注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的用法,往往會(huì)一“逗”到底或一“句”到底,不管什么情況都喜歡用逗號(hào)或句 話,有的甚至習(xí)慣在書寫時(shí)隨便停筆加個(gè)點(diǎn)號(hào),這是一種很不好的習(xí)慣。大家都知道,在英文中,一個(gè)點(diǎn)就是一個(gè)句號(hào)。這樣隨便亂點(diǎn),不僅是書寫潦草的問題,而 且很可能造成句子結(jié)構(gòu)的不完整,出現(xiàn)語法錯(cuò)誤。此外,要注意不要使用頓號(hào)。英文中沒有頓號(hào),表示并列關(guān)系要用逗號(hào),且最后兩個(gè)并列成分之間用“and”連 接,可加也可不加逗號(hào)。再者,一句話中最好不要使用逗號(hào)表示多個(gè)層次的并列,避免造成讀者理解上的困難。還有,在一些連接副詞前后都需要加標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),常見 的有however, moreover, therefore, consequently等。例如:I had heard the rumor before。consequently, I did not believe “定位法”也可以用下圖來簡(jiǎn)單表述:(略)(二)寫作“四步定位法”實(shí)例講解對(duì)歷年的真題分析可知,常考的四級(jí)作文體裁主要有三種——說明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文,所以接下來就通過具體的例子,來講解如何使用作文“定位法” 寫作這三種體裁的四級(jí)英語作文。【題目】Will Ebooks replace traditional books?【提綱】1).隨著信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展,電子圖書越來越多2).有人認(rèn)為電子圖書會(huì)取代傳統(tǒng)圖書,理由是??3).我的看法一定中心:本文屬于提綱式命題的議論文,題目是“Will E?books replace traditional books”,屬于疑問式的題目,所以必須做出肯定或否定回答。同學(xué)們可以按照自己的想法,提出“Ebooks will replace traditional books”或“Ebooks won’t replace traditional books”的看法。二定方法:可以先講道理,再舉例(具體見后面的范文)。三定結(jié)構(gòu):提綱有三點(diǎn)要求,第一點(diǎn)屬于“提出問題”部分,第二點(diǎn)屬于“分析問題”部分(分析別人的觀點(diǎn)),第三點(diǎn)也屬于“分析問題”部分(提出 自己的觀點(diǎn),并作簡(jiǎn)單論證),也就是對(duì)題目的回答和簡(jiǎn)單說明。整個(gè)提綱都沒有涉及到“解決問題”部分。所以,可以初步確定本文可以分為兩大部分、三個(gè)段 落,即“提出問題”和“分析問題”(別人和自己的觀點(diǎn))兩個(gè)部分,現(xiàn)象解釋、別人的觀點(diǎn)、自己的觀點(diǎn)三個(gè)段落。因此,可以確定出如下的結(jié)構(gòu):第一部分,解釋電子圖書越來越多的現(xiàn)象,理論歸因?yàn)椤靶畔⒓夹g(shù)的發(fā)展”,并舉例說明其“越來越多”,通過講道理和擺事實(shí)拓展提綱的第一點(diǎn)。第二部分可以分為兩段,第一段是別人的觀點(diǎn)(提綱的第二點(diǎn)),第二段是自己的觀點(diǎn)(提綱的第三點(diǎn))。別人的觀點(diǎn)又包括觀點(diǎn)和原因兩個(gè)部分,在簡(jiǎn) 單陳述觀點(diǎn)后,至少應(yīng)該指出兩點(diǎn)原因來論證這種觀點(diǎn)??梢酝ㄟ^講道理,但最好運(yùn)用講道理和擺事實(shí)相結(jié)合的方法予以論證。第三點(diǎn)也如此,只不過是表明自己的 觀點(diǎn)而已??捎糜⑽暮?jiǎn)單表述成::Phenomenon: ubiquitous Ebooks nowadays/E?books bee more popularReasons: the development of information technology(IT)Examples: Eproducts/ebased products—s, etickets, etests, ebooks :Some persons’ view: Ebooks will replace traditional : advantages of E?books。disadvantages of traditional booksExamples: read online without payment。immediate reading newly headline information:(possible version 1)My view: agreeReasons: advantages of E?books。(convenient and accessible。easily storing and placesaving。easyreading。environment protection)Examples: bamboobased books replaced by paper?based books(possible version 2)My view: disagreeReasons: advantages of traditional booksExamples: reading traditional books is good for eyes/healthy(possible version 3)My view:(neither totally agree nor totally disagree)coexistReasons: both has its advantages of existingExamples: young people like E?books, while the old like traditional books。coexisting of camera and painting四定句式:靈活使用四種句子結(jié)構(gòu),采用長短句間隔的寫法?!痉段摹縋ossible version 1:agreeWith the developing of information technology, we are living in an eera, where Ebased products have bee more and more popular/ are , etickets and ebooks have played a growing role in our daily life, while paperbased materials, such as traditional books, are suffering a great loss of their people believe that Ebooks will replace the traditional books eventually because of its obvious , they are convenient and can read so many kinds of interesting ebooks without paying any money just if you have a puter connecting to the , reading ebooks has developed into part of our daily can easily get latest headline information just by clicking a mouse gently without hearing noise made by frequently thumbing far as I’m concerned, I hold/share the same opinion with above the reasons offered by them, Ebooks are so beneficial for forest protection that they are greatly helpful in saving energy and protecting as bamboobased books were put an end by history, traditional books will lose its all readers and disappear/vanish in the version 2:disagree(前兩段同上)As for me, a longtime book worm, it’s not likely/impossible for Ebooks to replace traditional are enough reasons which make traditional books example, long time of reading Ebooks will do harm to our eyes, and readers will find themselves more accessible to printed materials because of unpopularity of puters and the internet to every corner of our version 3:coexist(前兩段同上)From my perspective, I firmly believe ebooks can not take the traditional books’ place will unquestionably coexist for a long the ebooks offer us lots of favorable consequences, the traditional books can provide us opportunities to take note on them and to be easy for , ebooks and traditional books are preferable to different people, and both of them can bring us “定位法”整理出的現(xiàn)成的議論文寫作模板,供各位考生借鑒,既可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況靈活應(yīng)用,也有助于加深對(duì)作文“定位法”的理解,進(jìn)一步掌握其精神實(shí)質(zhì)。只有這樣“有形加無形”,才能以不變應(yīng)萬變,輕松應(yīng)對(duì)考試。第一段There is no denying the fact ,引起話題To begin with,.主題展開句1What’s more,.主題展開句2第二段There are many reasons accounting ,解釋這一現(xiàn)象的原因Th