【正文】 世界時(shí)一樣，在那個(gè)新世界里繼續(xù)探求事物的真?zhèn)危铱梢哉J(rèn)清誰(shuí)是真正的才智仁人，誰(shuí)只是假裝聰明。法官們啊，誰(shuí)不愿舍棄一切，以換取機(jī)會(huì)研究這遠(yuǎn)征特洛伊的領(lǐng)袖——奧德修斯、西昔法斯和無(wú)數(shù)其他的男男女女！他們交談，向他們請(qǐng)教，將是何等快樂(lè)的事情！在那個(gè)世界里，絕不會(huì)有人僅僅因?yàn)榘l(fā)問(wèn)而被處死！如果傳說(shuō)屬實(shí)，住在那里的人除了比我們快樂(lè)之外，還能得到永生。Wherefore, my judges, be of good cheer about death, and know of a certainty, that no evil can happen to a good man, either in life or after and his are not neglected by the gods。nor has my own approaching end happened by mere am not angry with my condemners, or with my accusers。they have done me no harm, although they did not mean to do me any good。and for this I may gently blame I have a favor to ask of my sons are grown up, I would ask you, my friends, to punish them, and I would have you trouble them, as I have troubled you, if they seem to care about riches, or anything, more than about virtue。or if they pretend to be something when they are nothingI to die, and you to is better only God ，不必為死亡而感到喪氣，要知道善良的人無(wú)論生前死后都不會(huì)遭惡果，他和家人不會(huì)為諸神拋棄。快要降臨在我身上的結(jié)局非偶然發(fā)生。我清楚知道現(xiàn)在對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，死亡比在世更佳。我可以擺脫一切煩惱，因?yàn)槲从猩裰I顯現(xiàn)。為了同樣的理由，我不怨恨起訴者或是將我判死罪的人，他們雖對(duì)我不懷善意，卻未令我受害。不過(guò)，我可要稍稍責(zé)怪他們的不懷善意?？墒俏胰匀灰?qǐng)你們?yōu)槲易鲆患虑椤ＶT位朋友，我的幾個(gè)兒子成年后，請(qǐng)為我教導(dǎo)他們。如果他們把財(cái)富或其它事物看得比品德重，請(qǐng)像我煩勸你們那樣煩勸他們。如果他們自命不凡，那么，請(qǐng)像我譴責(zé)你們那樣譴責(zé)他們，因?yàn)樗麄兒鲆暳耸挛锏谋举|(zhì)，本屬藐小而自命不凡。你們倘能這樣做，我和我的兒子便會(huì)自你們手中得到公正。離別的時(shí)刻到了，我們得各自上路——我走向死亡，你們繼續(xù)活著。至于生與死孰優(yōu)，只有神明方知。The Three New YorksThere are roughly three New is, first, the New York of the man or woman who was born here, who takes the city for granted and accepts its size and its turbulence as natural and , there is the New York of the muter — the city that is devoured(充滿)by locusts(蝗蟲(chóng))each day and spat out(吐出)each , there is the New York of the person who was born somewhere else and came to New York in quest of these three trembling cities the greatest is the last — the city of final destination, the city that is a is this third city that accounts for New Yorks highstrung(高度緊張的)disposition, its poetical deportment, and its dedication to the arts, and its inparable give the city its tidal(潮汐的)restlessness, natives give it solidarity(團(tuán)結(jié))and continuity, but the settlers give it it is a farmer arriving from Italy to set up a small grocery store in a slum(貧民窟), or a young girl arriving from a small town in Mississippi to escape the indignity(侮辱)of being observed by her neighbors, or a boy arriving from the Corn Belt with a manuscript(手稿)in his suitcase and a pain in his heart, it makes no difference: each embraces(擁抱)New York with the intense excitement of first love, each absorbs New York with the fresh eyes of an adventurer, each generates heat and light to dwarf the Consolidated Edison ，有三個(gè)紐約。首先是那些土生土長(zhǎng)的男男女女的紐約，他們對(duì)這座城市習(xí)以為常，認(rèn)為它有這樣的規(guī)模和喧囂，乃是自然而然、不可避免的。其次是家住郊區(qū)、乘公交車到市內(nèi)上班的人們的紐約——這座城市每到白天就被如蝗的人群吞噬進(jìn)去，每到晚上又給吐出來(lái)。第三是外來(lái)人的紐約，他們生于他鄉(xiāng)，到紐約來(lái)尋求機(jī)緣。在這三座充滿騷動(dòng)的城市中，最了不起的是最后一座——那座被視為最終歸宿的城市，視為追尋目標(biāo)的城市。正是由于這第三座城市，紐約才有了緊張的特性、詩(shī)人的氣質(zhì)、對(duì)藝術(shù)的執(zhí)著追求和無(wú)與倫比的成就。上班族給紐約帶來(lái)了潮汐般時(shí)漲時(shí)落的騷動(dòng)，當(dāng)?shù)厝吮ＷC了紐約的穩(wěn)固和持續(xù)發(fā)展，而外來(lái)人則賦予紐約以激情。無(wú)論是從意大利來(lái)到貧民窟開(kāi)小雜貨店的農(nóng)夫，還是從密西西比州某小鎮(zhèn)跑出來(lái)躲避鄰居的淫穢目光的年輕姑娘，還是從玉米地帶滿懷酸楚地拎著手稿跑來(lái)的小伙子，情況都沒(méi)有什么兩樣：每個(gè)人都懷著初戀的激情擁抱紐約，每個(gè)人都以冒險(xiǎn)家的新奇目光審視紐約，每個(gè)人散發(fā)出的光和熱，足以令愛(ài)迪生聯(lián)合電氣公司相形見(jiàn)絀。The muter is the queerest bird of suburb he inhabits(居住)has no essential vitality(活力)of its own and is a mere roost(棲木)where he es at day’s end to go to in rare cases, the man who lives in Mamaroneck or Little Neck or Teaneck, and works in New York, discovers nothing much about the city except the time of arrival and departure of train and buses, and the path to a quick is deskbound, and has never, idly(空閑地)roaming(漫步)in the gloaming(黃昏), stumbled suddenly on Belvedere Tower in the park, seen the ramparts(壁壘)rise sheer from the water of the pond, and the boys along the shore fishing for minnows, girls stretched out negligently(疏忽地)on the shelves of the rocks。he has never e suddenly on anything at all in New York as a loiterer(混日子的人), because he had no time between has fished in Manhattan’s wallet and dug out coins, but has never listened to Manhattan’s breathing, never awakened to its morning, never dropped off to sleep in its 。他們居住的郊區(qū)沒(méi)有自身的勃勃生機(jī)，僅僅是他們晚上回來(lái)睡覺(jué)的棲息所。那些住在馬馬羅內(nèi)克、利特爾內(nèi)克、蒂內(nèi)克，到紐約上班的人，除個(gè)別情況外，對(duì)這座城市了無(wú)所知，只曉得火車汽車到站離站的時(shí)間、去快餐店的路徑。這些人整日伏案工作，從來(lái)沒(méi)有閑暇徜徉在暮色之中，意外地走到公園里的觀景塔跟前，瞧見(jiàn)湖中突兀而起的防護(hù)堤，沿著湖邊釣米諾魚(yú)的男孩，大大咧咧地舒展著身子躺在石臺(tái)上的女孩。他們從未在紐約游游逛逛偶然遇見(jiàn)什么，因?yàn)樗麄儚南禄疖嚨皆偕匣疖?，這中間是沒(méi)有閑工夫的。他們把手伸到曼哈頓的錢包里撈錢，抓到幾個(gè)微不足道的小錢，但卻從未聆聽(tīng)過(guò)曼哈頓的鼻息，從未在醒來(lái)時(shí)見(jiàn)到曼哈頓的早晨，也從未在曼哈頓的夜幕中入睡過(guò)。About 400,000 men and women e charging onto to the Island each weekday morning, out of the mouths of tubes and many among them have ever spent a drowsy(昏昏欲睡的)afternoon in the great rustling(瑟瑟聲)oaken(橡木制的)silence of the reading room of the Public Library, with the book elevator(like an old water wheel)spewing out(涌出)books onto the trays(托盤(pán)).They tend their furnaces(爐子)in Westchester and in Jersey, but have never seen the furnaces of the Bowery, the fires that burn in oil drums on zero winter may work in the financial district downtown and never see the extravagant(奢侈的)plantings of Rockefeller Center—the daffodils(水仙花)and grape hyacinths(麝香蘭)and birches(樺樹(shù))of the flags trimmed to the wind on the fine morning in they may work in a midtown office and may let a whole year swing round without sighting Governor’s Island from the sea muter dies with tremendous mileage to his credit, but he is no rover(流浪者).His entrances and exits are more devious(彎曲的)than those in a prairiedog village。and he calmly plays bridge while his train is buried in the mud at the bottom of the East Long Island Rail Road alone carried forty million muters last year。but many of them were the same fellow retracing his ，大約有40萬(wàn)男男女女走出地道口、隧道口，涌上曼哈頓島。他們之中沒(méi)有多少人跑到公共圖書(shū)館沉寂得只能聽(tīng)到沙沙聲的閱覽室，懶洋洋地度過(guò)一個(gè)下午，看著圖書(shū)傳送機(jī)像舊水輪一樣，將書(shū)吐在書(shū)盤(pán)里。他們?cè)陧f斯特切斯特和澤西燒火爐，卻從未見(jiàn)過(guò)鮑厄里街在氣溫降至零度的冬夜用油桶燒火取暖。他們可能在市中心的金融區(qū)工作，卻從未見(jiàn)過(guò)洛克菲勒中心那枝繁葉茂的花木—春光明媚的早晨，黃水仙、風(fēng)信子和鶯尾花，齊嶄嶄地迎風(fēng)搖曳。他們的辦公地點(diǎn)可能位于商業(yè)區(qū)和居住區(qū)之間，可是一年到頭也沒(méi)從海堤上眺望過(guò)加弗納斯島。上班族一生中有著驚人的行程，但是從未東游西逛過(guò)。他們進(jìn)進(jìn)出出的地方比草原犬鼠的地洞群還要曲曲彎彎。即使火車陷進(jìn)東河底的淤泥中，他們也會(huì)若無(wú)其事地只管打橋牌。去年，僅長(zhǎng)島鐵路就運(yùn)載了4千萬(wàn)上班族，只不過(guò)許多人是反反復(fù)復(fù)往返乘車罷了。The terrain of New York is such that a resident sometimes travels farther,in the end,than a journey of the poser Irving Berlin from Cherry Street in the lowest East Side to an apartment uptown was through an alley and only th