【正文】
e taken place in this 、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛剛開始,也可能仍在繼續(xù),并可能延續(xù)到將來(lái)。:主語(yǔ)+have/has +been +doing+其他:since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段等。:I have been sitting here for an children have been watching TV since six o39。clock.十一、一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達(dá)方式:①瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中;②瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ),與一段時(shí)間連用;③瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中,表示“自從……以來(lái)有……時(shí)間”的意思,主句一般用it is來(lái)代替It has been。④瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“Some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看: joined the League two years has been in the League for two is two years since he joined the years has passed since he joined the League.十二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中,at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如at work(在工作), at school(上學(xué)、上課)等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看:Peter is at work, but Mike is at is working, but Mike is 、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, e, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:I am ing, Mum!意為“我就來(lái),媽媽!”請(qǐng)看:The train is leaving train will leave 1)childchildren footfeet toothteethmousemice manmen womanwomen注意:與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是men 和women。如: an Englishman,two ,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。2)單復(fù)同形 如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japaneseli,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin但除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:a dollar, two dollars。a meter, two meters3)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如: 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說(shuō) a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說(shuō)a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用。如: The Chinese are industries and 。4)以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如:,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。 是不可數(shù)名詞。 United States,the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。The United Nations was organized in 。,劇名,報(bào)紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù)?!癟he Arabian Nights” is a very interesting storybook.是一本非常有趣的故事書。5)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses(眼鏡)trousers, clothes若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對(duì),雙)。suit(套)。a pair of glasses。two pairs of trousers6)另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚