【正文】 元前2300的男人墓穴。( Reading 第一段 第1行)date back to追溯到??▲date此處作動詞用，意為“確定??的年代”“計算??的日期”通常與from或back to連用，意為“追溯到??” 如：① The castle dates back to the 14th 。② The prosperity of the family dates from the 。③ This custom dates back to the Tang ?！咀ⅰ?date作動詞時，可引申為“(開始)變得過時”之意。如：① Some James Bond films have dated more quickly than ”007“電影比其他的過時得快。② This sort of style never ?！咀ⅰ?date還有“顯示人的年齡”之意。如：That suit dates you so 。 would have made him a man of 。( Reading 第二段 第3行)distinction 。差別。不同之處；特征。特性。個性；優(yōu)越。卓越。盛名；功勛。榮 譽。勛章the chief distinction of Chinese food中國食品的主要特征a writer of distinction 一位卓越的作家 academic distinctions學術上的榮譽There is no appreciable distinction between the 。His distinction of sound is 。His style lacks 。 to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work ，這個人有可能在上面鍛造金屬。( Reading 第三段 第2 －3行)▲本句是一個倒裝句，主語是a cushion stone，謂語是lie的過去式lay，整個謂語都提前，為全部倒裝。這種倒裝結(jié)構主要是為了句子的平衡，在賓語中，有時句子的主語過長，又沒有賓語，為了使句子較為平衡，同時也為了使句子更生動，常將狀語提到句首，將主謂倒裝，這種倒裝是直接把謂語動詞放到主語之前，不需要加 助動詞。請閱讀下面的倒裝句，體會這種倒裝句的結(jié)構。① Over the wall came a shower of 。② On everyside stretched fields of green 。③ At the top of the hill stood a tiny 。④ Next to it stood a pile of paper 。⑤ In the distance could be seen the green 。⑥ In the doorway stood a man with a ?！?work在此處作及物動詞用，意為“制作”“鍛造”“塑造”。如：① He worked a silver dollar into a 。② They worked a piece of copper into a ?！咀ⅰ縲ork作及物動詞時有多種意思，請閱讀下列句子，體會work的含意。① He worked his farm with 。② Our teacher works us very 。③ The wounded man worked his way across the fields on his hands and 。④ Can you work the stone into place? 你能慢慢挪動石頭使它就位嗎? ⑤ The landlord almost worked his farmhands to 。⑥ Do you know how to work the machine? 你知道這機器怎么開嗎? was all that a person would need to survive – clothing, tools, weapons, pottery and spare materials to make new －衣服、工具、武器、陶瓷、以及制造新工具用的備用材料。( Reading 第三段 倒數(shù)第1行)▲ spare(1) Please stay with us, we have a spare room for ，我們有給你的備用房間。Each car should have a spare 。(2)，空閑的What do you like doing in your spare ，你喜歡干什么? Have you got a spare moment? There is something I39。d like to ? 我有事要跟你討論。(3)，抽出(時間)讓給He said he could spare me 5 。Can you spare me this book for a while? 這本書你能讓我看一會兒嗎?(4)，省用We hope that readers will not spare their 。No trouble was spared to make sure the guests enjoyed 。(5)，用不著We can spare you for 。Use the telephone and spare yourself a ，用不著你親自去一趟。注意：spare no effort(s)不遺余力；spare no expense 不惜工本 discovery is important for a variety of ，其原因是多方面的。( Reading 第四段 第1行)▲ variety(1)，變化She doesn’t like the work because it lacked variety；she was doing the same thing all the ，她過去一直做同樣的工作。(2) arrived late at the party, for a variety of ，所有人到會都遲到了。拓展：a variety of = varieties of 各種各樣a lot of = lots of 大量，許多a mass of = masses of 眾多，大量 都既修飾可數(shù)名詞也修飾不可數(shù)名詞聯(lián)想：(派)vary ；改變 various ，各種各樣的 tend to believe that this man was a member of a powerful class ? 考古學家傾向于認為這個人是有權階級中的一員。( Reading 第一段 第1行)▲ 動詞tend的用法(1)tend在本課中作“傾向于”“有某種趨勢”解，后接不定式。如：① My mother tends to get tired in the 。② His novels tend to be 。③ A problem for manufacturers is that lighter cars tend to be 。④ It tends to rain a lot in summer 。⑤ I tend to think that members of parliament do a good 。(2)tend也可作“有助于”解。如： These measures tend to improve working 。(3)tend在正式用語中有“照管”“照例”“護理”之意，相當于look after。① He tends the flower beds and evergreens that he has planted in the 。② She tended her husband carefully during his ，她悉心照顧他。 the smaller blue stones, still weighing four tons on average, came from west ，更小的藍石頭平均都有四噸重，它們是從威爾士西部運來的。( Reading 第二段 第3行)▲ weigh(1)vt./ ??的重量，掂量??的分量。重量為Have you weighed yourself lately? 最近你稱體重了嗎? The first manmade satellite of our country weighs 173 。注意：weigh作及物動詞，意為“稱??”，強調(diào)動作；用作不及物動詞，意為“重??”，沒有被動語態(tài)。(2)，權衡 You have to weigh the costs of the new system against the benefit it will 。weigh the advantages and disadvantages 權衡利弊拓展：by weight 按重量計算；put on weight 體重增加；lose weight 體重減輕； weight lifting 舉重They are sold by 。She39。s lost weight / put on weight since I last saw ，她已經(jīng)變瘦／胖了。 is not yet known how these were conveyed over a distance of 380 。( Reading 第二段 第4行)▲ 談談動詞convey的用法(1)本課中convey作“搬運”“運送”解。如：① This ship conveys oil from the Middle 。② This train conveys both passengers and 。③ A taxi conveyed us to the railway 。④ A chimney conveys smoke to the 。(2)convey可作“表達”“傳達(思想感情)”“轉(zhuǎn)達”解釋。① ”Really?“ I said, trying to convey that it did not really matter.“真的嗎?”我說，意思是說那并非真的要緊。② Convey my congratulations to your 。③ His manner conveyed a slight 。④ I couldn39。t convey my feelings in words at that 。⑤ Words cannot convey how happy I 。(3)convey亦可作“傳導”“傳播”“傳染”解。如：① Air is the medium by which sound waves are 。② A wire conveys an electric 。 is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones:? 這可能與巨石王有關?( Reading 第二段 倒數(shù)第2行)▲ link(1)；連接，聯(lián)系The road links all the new 。Our struggle against imperialism is closely linked to that of the world39。s 。(2)，鏈環(huán) Research has established a link between smoking and lung 。The links in a chain of Cultural links 文化聯(lián)系Keep close links with the masses 密切聯(lián)系群眾辨析：link(up)with，connect with 及 join(?to)與 adjoin to link(up)with = connect with 與??相連接：通?！八颉毕噙B用link(up)with，“車輛(道路，交通)”相連用connect with join(?to)指直接連接(兩個以上的東西)adjoin to 與??毗鄰 There the irrigation canal links up with the 。The trolley bus connects here with a bus for the 。The new highway has joined our mune to the 。The cotton field adjoins to the rice 。14.? he may have had a hand in planning the monument , or in helping transport and pull up the ，或者幫助運輸和豎起巨石。( Reading 第二段 倒數(shù)第1－2行)▲ have a / one39。s hand in(1)也可以用take a hand in，意為“參與”“介入” “對?負責一部分責任”。如：① I had no hand in arranging the 。② I doubt John had a hand in 。③ This matter is in Mr Wilson39。s can39。t have a hand in ，我不能插手。④ Tom has some difficulty in repairing his 39。s take a hand in ，讓我們來幫他一下。(2)hand是一個常用詞，可與很多動詞或介詞構成固定搭配，請記住下面一些常見的詞組。如：in hand在手里(邊)，在掌握(控制)中，在考慮中；in sb.’s hands或in the hands of (照顧，監(jiān)護)之下；in good / safe hands在妥善的管理中；have one39。s hands full with無法分身；on hand出席的，隨時可用的。如：① Don39。t worryall the arrangements are in ，一切已安排就緒。② Give them a call to let