【正文】 d(嚴(yán)格地管制)almost every minute of the day as they prepare for the endofyear exam that can determine their many students from poor or rural backgrounds, a strong performance on the test is the only way to climb the social ladder and excel without is fierce and the majority of high school seniors will be relegated（歸入，把降低到）to vocational schools.1污染已成為問題，因?yàn)樵诋?dāng)今人口越來越多，社會(huì)越來越工業(yè)化的世界上，人類正在污染他們居住的環(huán)境。許多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類最大的錯(cuò)誤是把發(fā)展和進(jìn)步等同起來?，F(xiàn)在人們以懷疑的態(tài)度看待“發(fā)展性”的產(chǎn)業(yè)，因?yàn)樗鼈兊母弊饔脮?huì)破壞環(huán)境，破壞各種生命之間的關(guān)系。人口的增長導(dǎo)致對世界上有限的空氣、水和土地的需求不斷增長。伴隨著人口增長的是越來越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。于是對電、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的廢物要處理。這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)引起人們對生物及其環(huán)境的日益關(guān)注。許多人認(rèn)為，人類沒有盡快地解決這一問題，卻只顧謀求私利，以致于到了無可挽救的地步以后才充分認(rèn)識到這種兵貴神速。參考譯文：Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated and industrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he )Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with )Now “growth” industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of )The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air water and )This rise in population is acpanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living, in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed )The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their )Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the 、現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)壓力相當(dāng)重。除了大四，他們開始找工作了，其余的學(xué)生總是忙于學(xué)習(xí)，而不愿參加校園團(tuán)體和俱樂部，不愿參加體育鍛煉和其他課外活動(dòng)，不愿與他們的朋友玩玩，不愿關(guān)心和學(xué)習(xí)沒有關(guān)系的事?？傊?，他們就像一個(gè)機(jī)器人。壓力大，時(shí)間少，功課多?？吹酵瑢嬍依锏娜硕忌蠄D書館去學(xué)習(xí)，到深夜閉館才回，而自己卻去看電影，他們就會(huì)有一種內(nèi)疚感。一想到白天什么事都沒干，心里就感到不安，會(huì)整夜因此睡不著覺。他們學(xué)習(xí)太緊張，幾乎沒有時(shí)間好好品嘗生活，干些其他事，成為一個(gè)全面發(fā)展的人。讀大學(xué)使他們失去太多的個(gè)人幸福和健康。參考譯文：College students now bear heavy academic )You will find them—except seniors who are beginning to look for a job—always too busy in studies to join campus organizations too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities too busy to share the interests of their friends and too busy to pay attention to anything that is not connected with their )In short they have bee nothing but a )They are under pressure to do too much work in too little )If their roommates are studying in the library until it closes at midnight while they go to a movie they will feel )The very idea of doing nothing during the day will make them unfortable and sleepless all )They study so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as wellrounded )The pursuit of college education costs them too much personal happiness and 、新年春節(jié)剛過，農(nóng)村的破舊小車站就擠滿了成千上萬的農(nóng)民。他們只有一個(gè)目的，到城市去。八十年代處，農(nóng)村的改革，使得千千萬萬的農(nóng)民從土地上解放了出來，紛紛跑到城市找工作。自那以后，這種大規(guī)模的民工潮一直使城市感到頭痛。這不僅是因?yàn)閷Τ鞘性O(shè)施造成了極大的壓力，而且他們擔(dān)心會(huì)引發(fā)許多社會(huì)矛盾。所以外來民工往往補(bǔ)被看成二等公民，不能成為城市居民，孩子不能在城市讀書。但是另一方面，城市和經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)的發(fā)展急切需要大批勞力到工廠和建設(shè)工地。而且政府也感到如果不讓農(nóng)民出來。而農(nóng)民的不滿加劇，會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)**。參考譯文“Only a few days after the Lunar New Year in dilapidated little railway stations throughout the countryside millions of peasants are gathering with a single purpose to get to the ,4)Even since the early 1980s when the agricultural reform freed millions of farmers to seek city jobs the mass not just because of the pressure it puts on )Many fear that migration on such a giant scale will lead to social strain,6)As a result they have treated the migrants as secondclass )For instance workers form the rural heartland are denied the right to settle down as permanent residents and to send their children to city )But on the other hand in booming cities and special economic zones factories and construction sites need all the labor they can ,9)And the government believe that if the rural masses did not get a share of and poor countryside would further widen leading to a buildingup resentment that might fuel social unrest.1不同的人對退休持不同的態(tài)度。有些人認(rèn)為退休后可以好好享受晚年的生活。但真的退下來了，他們則有點(diǎn)失望。看到自己就要被拋到廢物堆里，他們不甘認(rèn)命，設(shè)法另找事干來發(fā)揮自己的于熱，以繼續(xù)得到收入。另一些人則對一生中這樣一個(gè)重大變動(dòng)早有準(zhǔn)備。他們一生為工作操勞，現(xiàn)在筋疲力盡了，渴望退休后能放松拉緊的弦，好好休息。由于不再需要每天早晨去趕公共汽車了，不再要為晉級慮。就可以有足夠的時(shí)間去追求童年時(shí)的夢想，如寫寫書、畫畫圖、種種花、周游各地。總的來說，沒有像男的一樣感到可怕。參考譯文：Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to )Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, 3)but when it es they may feel a little )Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of ine that employment can )Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their )Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains )As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream such as writing painting growing flowers and traveling )On the whole female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male )Withdrawal from employment to plete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a 、當(dāng)我們從全球的角度來看環(huán)境問題時(shí)，首先注意的是環(huán)境問題引起人們的各種擔(dān)心。發(fā)達(dá)國家擔(dān)心的是大氣和水的污染，能源的緊張，城市對農(nóng)村面積的不斷蠶食。發(fā)展中國家最擔(dān)心的是營養(yǎng)不良，人口增長，水源不足，缺少教育和就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。參考譯文：When we examine environmental problems in a global context the first thing that impresses us is the variety of concerns they , 3)Whereas in the developed world the focus is on air and water pollution the energy shortage and chewing up of the rural areas by urban sprawl the concern of the developing countries will most likely center on malnutrition population growth insufficiency of water the lack of education and 、這次長江流域的水災(zāi)是44年來最嚴(yán)重的。官方的數(shù)字表明已有2000多人死亡，1380萬人被迫離開家園。占中國總耕地面積3%的450萬公頃的農(nóng)作物被毀。工廠被迫停工，產(chǎn)量受到影響。客運(yùn)的貨運(yùn)也被迫中斷。在未來的許多歲月里，人民都會(huì)感受到洪災(zāi)對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的總體影響。盡管損失如此嚴(yán)重，舉國上下，展民與洪水的斗爭是非常值得稱贊的。在抗洪斗爭中，中國人民顯示了令人嘆服的守堤防洪的能力，例如這次國家調(diào)動(dòng)了160萬軍隊(duì)去幫助守護(hù)大堤，將被洪水淹沒地區(qū)的百姓遷走。事實(shí)上，差不多有數(shù)百萬平民百姓參加了這一人類巨大的斗爭。參考譯文：The floods in the Yangtze River basin are the worst in 44 )Official figures indicate that more than 2000 people have been drowned and million have been driven from their