【正文】 chain of mand。Delegation is the process managers use to transfer authority and responsibility to positions below them in the hierarchy。Tall structure is a kind of management structer characterized by an overall narrow span of management and a relatively large number of hierarchical levels。Flat structer is a management structure characteriged by an overall broad span of control and relatively sew hierarchical levels。Formalization is the written documentation used to direct and control employees。英譯漢Deploy resources有效的使用資源hierarchical levels層級span of managers’ control經(jīng)理的管理職權范圍effective coordination有效的協(xié)調(diào)vertical control of the organization組織機構的縱向管理an automobile assembly line 汽車組裝(流水)線 chain of mand指令鏈delegate authority分權meet customers’ needs滿足消費者的需求line department 業(yè)務部門staff department職能部門issue orders發(fā)布命令第八章填詞Subordinates should have some say in the management of the business。The employees in Jack’s pany have regular access to the boss to air their opinions。Participatory democracy is something that subordinates enjoy in management decisionmaking。英譯漢Position power 職位權利 legitimate power法理權利 reward power獎賞權利 coercive power懲罰權利 personal power個性化權利 expert power專業(yè)技能權利 referent power稟性相關權利 charismatic leadership個人魅力型領導 autocratic leader獨斷/專斷型領導democratic leader民主型領導authoritarian management極權型管理centralizeauthority集權第十四章漢譯英1市場營銷組合marketing mix 市場細分研究segmentationresearch 市場導向marketing orientation目標市場target marketing描述功能descriptive function診斷功能diagnostic function預測功能predictive function生產(chǎn)導向活動productionoriented exercises前控管理proactive management后控管理reactive management市場信息反饋過程marketing intelligence feedback process市場營銷系統(tǒng)marketing system they want their business to run well , managers should develop a longrun marketing strategy。（制定長期市場營銷策略） organization haven’t conducted much marketing research，which causes them lose the market share。（失去市場份額） coupon users are most likely to redeem the coupons.（用贈券兌換產(chǎn)品） panies who increase their market share are those who are really understand and meet consumers’need.(了解并滿足消費者需求) makes much difference for a firm to improve the bottom line.(改善盈利狀況)填詞 years ago，the board of directors made that decision to puterize the whole pany including allthe branches。And now this is paying dividend marketing research enables the firm to make their promotion more efficient and their consumers moreacquainted with the brands，retail outlets , CEO, always ignores the side issues and addresses himself to the main problems inmanagement。 always takes a pragmatic approach to ’s the very reason why he was appointed tothe post of sales research is the primary tool for exploring new opportunities in the marketplace.(T) describe the historic ales trend and consumers’ attitudes toward a product and its advertising is thediagnostic function of marketing research.(F) organization will prosper in today’s environment without a focus on quality，continual improvement，and customer satisfaction.(T) customers are hard to serve because they understand the modus operandi and make fewer demandson employees’ time.(F) research hopes to provide further confirmation to an existing theory or to learn more about aconcept or phenomenon.（F）第十五章漢譯英人力資源管理human resource management競爭優(yōu)勢petitive advantage員工投訴系統(tǒng)employee grievance system達到企業(yè)目標meet the organization’s objective全權負責have sole responsibility for 業(yè)績評估體系performance appraisal system招聘與篩選recruitment and selection靈活工作時間制flexible scheduling成本有效性cost effectiveness 成本領先戰(zhàn)略cost leadership strategy 產(chǎn)品差別化product differentiation 崗位培訓onthejob training 紀律執(zhí)行程序disciplinary procedures 激勵計劃incentive plan填詞 HR professional plays a role in establishing NRM procedures,developing|choosing HRM methods,monitoring|evaluating HRM practices and advising|assisting managers on HRMrelated organization must gain and maintain an edge over its petitor in order to manager might do something like interviewing job applicants,remending salary increases andsettling grievance differentiation occurs when a firm produces a product or service is preferred by buyers.