【導(dǎo)讀】管以及一些簡(jiǎn)單輔助電路實(shí)現(xiàn)的。隨著生活中電子表使用的普遍，該。業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)在這兩大主題的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合keil與protues等軟件的功能。由于之前沒(méi)有獨(dú)立做過(guò)單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)多功能電子時(shí)鐘方面的。片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)中常見(jiàn)的電路而構(gòu)思出來(lái)的。數(shù)組中與之對(duì)應(yīng)的編碼實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)顯示，最后與程序一同燒進(jìn)單片機(jī)，在上電復(fù)位等相關(guān)的輔助電路下，從而完成整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)。廉的價(jià)格成為許多多功能電子產(chǎn)品的首選。實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)鐘功能，同時(shí)通過(guò)按鍵開(kāi)關(guān)來(lái)擴(kuò)展功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)定時(shí)鬧鐘與秒表功能。用C51語(yǔ)言作為編程語(yǔ)言，流程比較清晰。

　　

【正文】 is mainly takes the control section the core part. It is one kind of online like realtime control puter, online like is the scene control, needs to have the strong antijamming ability, the low cost, this is also and the offline type puter (for instance home use PC) main difference. The monolithic integrated circuit is depending on the procedure, and may revise. Realizes the different function through the different procedure, particularly special unique some functions, this is other ponent needs to take the very big effort to be able to achieve, some are the flowered big strength is also very difficult to achieve. One is not the very plex function, if develops in the 50s with the US 74 series, or the 60s39。s CD4000 series these pure hardware do decides, the electric circuit certainly are a big PCB board! But if, if succeeded in the 70s with the US puts in the market the series monolithic integrated circuit, the result will have the huge difference! Because only the monolithic integrated circuit piles through you the procedure may realize the high intelligence, high efficiency, as well as redundant reliability! 34 Because the monolithic integrated circuit to the cost is sensitive, therefore present occupies the dominant status the software is the most preliminary assembly language, it was except the binary machine code above the most preliminary language, since why were such preliminary must use? Why highlevel did the language already achieve the visualization programming level not to use? The reason is very simple, is the monolithic integrated circuit does not have home puter such CPU, also has not looked like the hard disk such mass memory equipment. Inside even if a visualization higher order language pilation script only then a button, also will achieve several dozens K the sizes! Does not speak anything regarding the home use PC hard disk, but says regarding the monolithic integrated circuit cannot accept. The monolithic integrated circuit in the hardware source aspect39。s use factor must very Gao Caixing, therefore assembly, although primitive actually massively is using. Same truth, if attains superputer39。s on operating system and the application software home use PC to e up the movement, home use PC could also not withstand. It can be said that the 20th century surmounted three “the electricity” the time, namely the electrical time, the Electronic Age and already entered puter time. However, this kind of puter, usually refers to the personal puter, is called PC machine. It by the main engine, the keyboard, the monitor and so on is posed. Also has a kind of puter, most people actually not how familiar. This kind of puter is entrusts with the intelligence each kind of mechanical monolithic integrated circuit (also to call micro controller). , This kind of puter39。s smallest system only has used as the name suggests a piece of integrated circuit, then carries on the simple operation and the control. Because its volume is small, usually hides in is accused the machinery “the belly”. It in the entire installment, plays is having like the human brains role, it went wrong, the entire installment paralyzed. Now, this kind of monolithic integrated circuit39。s use domain already very widespread, like the intelligent measuring appliance, the solid work paid by time control, the munication equipment, the guidance system, the domestic electric appliances and so on. Once each product used the monolithic integrated circuit, could get up causes the effect which the product turned to a new generation, often before product range crown by adjective “intelligence”, like intelligence washer and so on. Now some factory39。s technical personnel or other extracurricular electronic exploiter do certain products, are not the electric circuit are too plex, is the function is too simple, and is imitated extremely easily. 35 Investigates its reason, possibly on card, in the product has not used on the monolithic integrated circuit or other programmable logical ponent. 36 中文文獻(xiàn)譯文 單片機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 單片機(jī)又稱(chēng)單片微控制器 ,它不是完成某一個(gè)邏輯功能的芯片 ,而是把一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)集成到一個(gè)芯片上。概括的講：一塊芯片就成了一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。它的體積小、質(zhì)量輕、價(jià)格便宜、為學(xué)習(xí)、應(yīng)用和開(kāi)發(fā)提供了便利條件。同時(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)使用單片機(jī)是了解計(jì)算機(jī)原理與結(jié)構(gòu)的最佳選擇。 單片機(jī)內(nèi)部也用和電腦功能類(lèi)似的模塊，比如 CPU，內(nèi)存，并行總線(xiàn)，還有和硬盤(pán)作用相同的存儲(chǔ)器件，不同的是它的這些部件性能都相對(duì)我們的家用電腦弱很多，不過(guò)價(jià)錢(qián)也是低的，一般不超過(guò) 10 元即可 ......用它來(lái) 做一些控制電器一類(lèi)不是很復(fù)雜的工作足矣了。我們現(xiàn)在用的全自動(dòng)滾筒洗衣機(jī)、排煙罩、 VCD等等的家電里面都可以看到它的身影！ ......它主要是作為控制部分的核心部件。 它是一種在線(xiàn)式實(shí)時(shí)控制計(jì)算機(jī)，在線(xiàn)式就是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制，需要的是有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力，較低的成本，這也是和離線(xiàn)式計(jì)算機(jī)的（比如家用 PC）的主要區(qū)別。 單片機(jī)是靠程序的，并且可以修改。通過(guò)不同的程序?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同的功能，尤其是特殊的獨(dú)特的一些功能，這是別的器件需要費(fèi)很大力氣才能做到的，有些則是花大力氣也很難做到的。一個(gè)不是很復(fù)雜的功能要是用美國(guó) 50 年代 開(kāi)發(fā)的 74 系列，或者 60年代的 CD4000 系列這些純硬件來(lái)搞定的話(huà)，電路一定是一塊大 PCB 板！但是如果要是用美國(guó) 70 年代成功投放市場(chǎng)的系列單片機(jī)，結(jié)果就會(huì)有天壤之別！只因?yàn)閱纹瑱C(jī)的通過(guò)你編寫(xiě)的程序可以實(shí)現(xiàn)高智能，高效率，以及高可靠性！ 由于單片機(jī)對(duì)成本是敏感的，所以目前占統(tǒng)治地位的軟件還是最低級(jí)匯編語(yǔ)言，它是除了二進(jìn)制機(jī)器碼以上最低級(jí)的語(yǔ)言了，既然這么低級(jí)為什么還要用呢？很多高級(jí)的語(yǔ)言已經(jīng)達(dá)到了可視化編程的水平為什么不用呢？原因很簡(jiǎn)單，就是單片機(jī)沒(méi)有家用計(jì)算機(jī)那樣的 CPU，也沒(méi)有像硬盤(pán)那樣的海量存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備 。一個(gè)可視化高級(jí)語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)的小程序里面即使只有一個(gè)按鈕，也會(huì)達(dá)到幾十 K 的尺寸！對(duì)于家用 PC 的硬盤(pán)來(lái)講沒(méi)什么，可是對(duì)于單片機(jī)來(lái)講是不能接受的。 單片機(jī)在硬件資源方面的利用率必須很高才行，所以匯編雖然原始卻還是在大量使用。一樣的道理，如果把巨型計(jì)算機(jī)上的操作系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用軟件拿到家用 PC 上來(lái)運(yùn)行，家用 PC的也是承受不了的。 可以說(shuō)，二十世紀(jì)跨越了三個(gè) “ 電 ” 的時(shí)代，即電氣時(shí)代、電子時(shí)代和現(xiàn)已進(jìn)入的電腦時(shí)代。不過(guò)，這種電腦，通常是指?jìng)€(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng) PC機(jī)。它由主機(jī)、鍵盤(pán)、 37 顯示器等組成。還有一類(lèi)計(jì)算機(jī)，大多數(shù)人卻不怎么熟悉 。這種計(jì)算機(jī)就是把智能賦予各種機(jī)械的單片機(jī)（亦稱(chēng)微控制器）。顧名思義，這種計(jì)算機(jī)的最小系統(tǒng)只用了一片集成電路，即可進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單運(yùn)算和控制。因?yàn)樗w積小，通常都藏在被控機(jī)械的 “ 肚子 ” 里。它在整個(gè)裝置中，起著有如人類(lèi)頭腦的作用，它出了毛病，整個(gè)裝置就癱瘓了?，F(xiàn)在，這種單片機(jī)的使用領(lǐng)域已十分廣泛，如智能儀表、實(shí)時(shí)工控、通訊設(shè)備、導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)、家用電器等。各種產(chǎn)品一旦用上了單片機(jī)，就能起到使產(chǎn)品升級(jí)換代的功效，常在產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)前冠以形容詞 —— “ 智能型 ” ，如智能型洗衣機(jī)等?，F(xiàn)在有些工廠(chǎng)的技術(shù)人員或其它業(yè)余電子開(kāi)發(fā)者搞出來(lái)的某些產(chǎn) 品，不是電路太復(fù)雜，就是功能太簡(jiǎn)單且極易被仿制。究其原因，可能就卡在產(chǎn)品未使用單片機(jī)或其它可編程邏輯器件上。