【導(dǎo)讀】不安全因素等進(jìn)行檢查、預(yù)測(cè)和安全性評(píng)估,以確定企業(yè)的危險(xiǎn)程度。隱患的對(duì)象和部位,針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行整改,將事故消滅于萌芽狀態(tài),防患于未然。這對(duì)安全管理具有重要作用。文章以機(jī)械加工企業(yè)為例來(lái)闡明安全性評(píng)價(jià)的原理。其它企業(yè)也可按行業(yè)特點(diǎn)仿此原理和方法提出自己的評(píng)價(jià)方案,均可收到安全生產(chǎn)的預(yù)期效果。性評(píng)價(jià),化學(xué)物品安全性評(píng)價(jià)等。本文主要采用固有危險(xiǎn)程度的定性定量分析和。從而得出分析結(jié)果，并指出了生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中可能出。如運(yùn)用了美國(guó)道化學(xué)。一般企業(yè)或其它單位在設(shè)立時(shí)，或運(yùn)行后都需。主要目的是根據(jù)企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)或擬設(shè)立的項(xiàng)目的情況，由相應(yīng)的。價(jià)報(bào)告，經(jīng)安監(jiān)局審批后可以作為企業(yè)辦理各種審批手續(xù)的重要資料?；M織有關(guān)規(guī)范的條款中。預(yù)防》中“危險(xiǎn)分析”則作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的章節(jié)。法，評(píng)價(jià)重大危險(xiǎn)的可能性和嚴(yán)重程度”。防、控制事故和職業(yè)危害的發(fā)生。整安全措施方案；④實(shí)現(xiàn)最優(yōu)化的安全措施；⑤持續(xù)采取改進(jìn)措施。測(cè)、預(yù)防提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。

　　

【正文】 accident, strike the entire system, the probability of the accident. 1974 La Simu Professor Johnson began to evaluate the safety of nuclear power plants, followed by a 1977 British Kanwei Island petrochemicals risk assessment in 1979 for 19 large German nuclear power plant risk assessment in 1979 Germany six largescale petrochemical plant risk assessment, are using a probability evaluation. The evaluation of the project have spent a lot of manpower, material resources, the method of discussion, data choices, uncertainty of research and disaster research models are created, the safety evaluation of large enterprises greater impact. This method simple, clear, basic data on the same ponents learn from each other is strong, such as in aviation, aerospace, nuclear energy and other fields, this method has been widely used. However, this approach requires that data is accurate, full, plete requirements analysis process, judgments and assumptions reasonable for the chemical, petrochemical and other industries, due to system plexity, elements of uncertainty, staff is very difficult to estimate the probability of failure, so far failed made great progress. With the further development of fuzzy probability theory, probabilistic risk assessment method deficiencies will be overe to some extent. The use of probabilistic risk assessment methods need to obtain a position of system ponents and subsystem failure probability data, 畢業(yè)論文 the current system in the civilian industry, the accumulation of such data is still not sufficient, is a fundamental obstacle to using this method. ② Index evaluation Index evaluation method Dow (DOW) Chemical fire, explosion index (F amp。 E1) evaluation method, Imperial Chemical (ICI) Richmond (Mond) division of fire, explosion, toxicity index evaluation method, the Japanese Labor Chemical six stages of plant safety evaluation method, our methods of classification of dangerous chemical safety assessment. Index method using the structure of plex systems and the use of probability is difficult to express their risk evaluation unit has a feasible method, such method is simple, more evaluation is one of the methods applied in petroleum, chemical and other areas used more often. Index used to avoid the accident and its consequences is difficult to determine the probability of the difficulties, the evaluation index value contains both accident frequency and consequences of the accident two factors. The disadvantage of this type of evaluation is to evaluate the security system model of the system function of inadequate attention, especially hazardous substances and the interaction between the security system not considered the relationship, although in Mongolia, Germany and France and China chemical plant risk classification There are certain considerations, but the deficiencies are still apparent, between the various factors to the product or additive manner, ignoring the importance of the difference between the factors. Evaluation from the beginning to use the index value is given, making the evaluation of postsafety improvements to the system more difficult. Evaluation of various indices in the current model, the value of the indicators and targets set to determine only whether or not, but not with objective indicators of factors independent of the state, resulting from a hazardous materials type and content, spatial arrangement similar to the difference between the actual level of security than remote system, the evaluation results are similar, these methods lead to less flexibility and sensitivity. 3. Content classification based on the evaluation (1) plant design safety assessment Plant design and application of new technologies, develop new products, while 畢業(yè)論文 feasibility studies for safety evaluation, planning and design stages through the evaluation of the risk factors on the control and elimination, some countries have it fixed in the form with the regulations. (2) evaluation of the effectiveness of safety management The business performance of the existing security management structure, the rate of injury, loss rate, investment returns and other systematic safety evaluation to identify the weak link, from the technical measures and security management to be improved. (3) human behavior safety evaluation Psychological state of human insecurity, and ergonomic points determine the behavior, assess their safety. (4) evaluation of safety and reliability of production equipment Equipment, devices, ponents fail, the application of safety systems engineering analysis to evaluate the safety and reliability. (5) Operating conditions evaluation Evaluation of operating environment and conditions on human health hazards. (6) risk assessment of chemical substances Evaluation of chemicals in the production, use, storage, transport, business process risks exist, and possible fire, explosion, poisoning, corrosion and other accidents, measures proposed to prevent accidents. 4. The nature of the classification based on the evaluation (1) the inherent risk assessment system Risk is inherent in the system planning, design, manufacture, installation and other factors determine the risk of the original, that the system put into operation before the existence of risk. According to the results of the inherent risk assessment, risk can be a hierarchy of systems, risk levels for different countermeasures to be taken into account in order to achieve an acceptable level. (2) practical risk assessment system Evaluation system is still mainly real risk, through the evaluation of various hazard control the distribution and status of safety management to focus on 畢業(yè)論文 strengthening the control.