【導(dǎo)讀】機(jī)器人是高級(jí)整合控制論、機(jī)械電子、計(jì)算機(jī)、材料和仿生學(xué)的產(chǎn)物。在工業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)、建筑業(yè)甚至軍事等領(lǐng)域中均有重要用途?，F(xiàn)在，國(guó)際上對(duì)機(jī)器人的概念已經(jīng)逐漸趨近一致。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，人們都可以接受這種說(shuō)法，即機(jī)器。人是靠自身動(dòng)力和控制能力來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)各種功能的一種機(jī)器。聯(lián)合國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織采納了美國(guó)機(jī)器人協(xié)會(huì)給。同的任務(wù)而具有可改變和可編程動(dòng)作的專門系統(tǒng)?？煽啃?、聯(lián)用性、壽命等。機(jī)器人一般由執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置、檢測(cè)裝置和控制系統(tǒng)等組成。常稱為關(guān)節(jié)，關(guān)節(jié)個(gè)數(shù)通常即為機(jī)器人的自由度數(shù)。根據(jù)關(guān)節(jié)配置型式和運(yùn)動(dòng)坐標(biāo)形式的不同，機(jī)器。人執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)可分為直角坐標(biāo)式、圓柱坐標(biāo)式、極坐標(biāo)式和關(guān)節(jié)坐標(biāo)式等類型。如步進(jìn)電機(jī)、伺服電機(jī)等，此外也有采用液壓、氣動(dòng)等驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置。行比較后，對(duì)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行調(diào)整，以保證機(jī)器人的動(dòng)作符合預(yù)定的要求。的共同規(guī)律，率先提出以計(jì)算機(jī)為核心的自動(dòng)化工廠。由于英格伯格對(duì)工業(yè)機(jī)器人的研發(fā)和宣傳，他也被稱

　　

【正文】 is mechanical hand in accordance with different programs in different jobs, so has the versatility and flexibility. 1956 Dartmouth meeting ? Marvin Minsky has made his views on intelligent machines: Smart Machine to create an abstract model of the surrounding environment, if you encounter problems, from abstract model to find a solution . This definition affects the subsequent 30 years of intelligent robot research direction. Dwyer and the United States in 1959, inventor Joseph ? Ingeb joined hands to create the first industrial robot. Subsequently, the establishment of the world39。s first a robot manufacturing plant Unimation pany. As Ingeb R amp。 D for industrial robots and publicity, he was known as the father of industrial robots. AMF Inc. in 1962, the United States produced VERSTRAN (meaning universal handling), and Unimation produced Unimate as a truly mercial industrial robots, and exported to countries around the world, setting off a worldwide study of robots and robot the globe. 1962 1,963 years the application of sensors to improve the operability of the robot. People try all kinds of sensors installed on the robot, including the 1961 Ernst used in tactile sensors, Tomovic and Boni 1962, the world39。s first smart hand on the use of pressure sensors, while the McCarthy in 1963, has begun to add visual sensor in robot system, and in 1965, helped MIT launched the world39。s first with a vision sensor that can identify and locate building blocks of the robotic system. 1965 Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory ? developed Beast robot. Beast has been through sonar systems, photoelectric tubes and other devices, the environmental correction own position. 60 mid20th century, the . Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, University of Edinburgh, been set up in the robot lab. The United States with the rise of the secondgeneration sensors research, there feel of the robot, artificial intelligence and to work towards it. The world39。s first intelligent robot Shakey Stanford Research Institute in 1968, the United States announced that they successfully developed a robot Shakey. It is with a vision sensor, according to the instructions of people to discover and crawl the building blocks of a puter to control it, but there is a room so much. Shakey can be regarded as the world39。s first intelligent robot, beginning the prelude to the third generation of robot research and development. 1969, Ichiro Kato, Waseda University Laboratory developed the first robot to walk, walk. Ichiro Kato, the longterm mitment to research humanoid robot, known as the father of humanoid robot. Japanese experts has been to develop humanoid robots and robot technology, known for entertainment, then go one step further hastened the development of Honda39。s ASIMO and Sony39。s QRIO. In 1973 the world39。s first robot and small puters to work together, they gave birth to the . 18 pany Cincinnati Milacron robot T3. Unimation introduced in 1978, the . general industrial robot PUMA, which marks the industrial robot technology has reached full maturity. PUMA is still work in the factory in the forefront. 1984 Ingeb pushed robot Helpmate, the robot can deliver meals to patients in the hospital and get drugs, to send . In the same year, he predicted: I want robots to clean the floor, cooking, washing out to help me to check security. In 1998 Denmark introduced Lego Robot (Mindstorms) package, so get with the buildingblock robot manufacturing the same, relatively simple and can arbitrarily assembled, the robot started to enter the private world. In 1999 Sony introduced Aibo robot dog (AIBO), immediately sold out, and from entertainment robots bee the robot forward one of the ways ordinary family. In 2021 the . introduced the iRobot robotic vacuum cleaner Roomba, it can avoid obstacles, automatic design of the road route, but also in the power is insufficient, automatically towards charging seat. Roomba is the world39。s largestselling and most mercial household robots. an authorized agent iRobot Corporation Beijing: Beijing Science and Technology Co., Ltd. MicroMesh, Tomohiro / / micro . In June 2021, Microsoft launched the Microsoft Robotics Studio, robotics modular, unified platform, it became increasingly evident, Bill ? Gates predicted that household robots will soon be sweeping the world category articles Being born in science fiction, like, people are full of fantasy robot. Perhaps it is because the definition of fuzzy robots, which gave the people full of imagination and creative space. Domestic robots: to help people take care of life, to do simple household chores. Manipulatortype robot: Can automatic, repeatable programming, multifunctional, there are several degrees of freedom can be fixed or movement, for associated automation systems. Programmable Robot: According to the order and conditions of a prerequirement in turn control the robot39。s mechanical movements. Teachingplayback robot: Adoption of the guidance or other means, the first robot moves the church, enter the work process, the robot will automatically repeat operations. NC robots: do not have to move the robot through the values, language, etc. for teaching the robot, the robot according to the information after teaching job. Feelcontrolled robot: the use of sensors to obtain information on control of robot action. Adaptive control robot: able to adapt to changes in the environment, control their own actions. Learning control for robots: can understand the work experience, with a certain degree of learning function, and the learning experience for the work. Intelligent Robots: The artificial intelligence robot to determine its actions. China39。s environment, starting from the application of robotics experts, robots are divided into two categories, namely industr