【正文】 后續(xù)專利，以延緩保護的失效，但其實那些專利沒什么價值。Another tactic is payfordelay , in which a drugmaker facing a legal challenge to itspatent pays its wouldbe petitor to put off introducing its cheaper 有償延遲 協(xié)議，也就是說在專利訴訟時，制藥企業(yè)會付給未來競爭對手一筆錢，以延遲價錢更低的仿制藥進(jìn)入市場。In the year to October the FTC identified what it believes to be 28 such ，F(xiàn)TC就發(fā)現(xiàn)了28起類似事件。American and European regulators are looking into these 美國和歐洲的監(jiān)管部門也開始調(diào)查這些協(xié)議。However, legal challenges against them have faltered, and a bill to ban them is stuck ，反對這些協(xié)議的訴訟一再擱淺，而美國國會也未能通過禁止此類事件的一項法案。To encourage generics makers to challenge patents on drugs, and introduce cheapercopies，為了鼓勵非專利制藥企業(yè)挑戰(zhàn)藥品專利、生產(chǎn)價錢更低的仿制藥，an American law passed in 1984 says that the first one to do so will get a 180day exclusivityperiod，美國于1984年通過一項法案，其中提到 第一個挑戰(zhàn)成功的仿制藥企能獲得180天市場獨占期，in which no other generics maker can sell versions of the drug in question, as Ranbaxysupposedly won with ，就像蘭伯西獲得立普妥仿制藥的生產(chǎn)權(quán)一樣。However, Pfizer is exploiting a loophole in the 1984 law, which lets it appoint a second,authorised copycat—in this case, Watson, another American ，輝瑞鉆了這個法案的空子，它讓第二家授權(quán)仿制藥企業(yè)——華生制藥公司來仿制。According to BernsteinResearch, under the deal between the two drugmakers Pfizer willreceive about 70% of Watson s revenues from its approved copy of ，在此交易期間，華生公司獲得立普妥的仿制權(quán)，輝瑞將獲得華生公司年收入的70%。More unusual, Pfizer has cut the price of its original version, and will keep marketing ，輝瑞將降低立普妥專利藥的價格，并對其采取積極的營銷策略。So Ranbaxy faces not one, but two ，蘭伯西的對手是兩個，而非一個。可銳教育官網(wǎng)This strategy has precedent, says David Risinger of Morgan Stanley, but the scale andstructure of Pfizer s scheme is Risinger認(rèn)為，這項策略雖有先例，但就規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)而言絕對不能與輝瑞的計劃相比。Patients with a special discount card from Pfizer will make copayments of just $4 for a month s worth of the originalLipitor, pared with about $10 for many generic ，若使用一種特殊打折卡，通過共同支付方式，只花4美元就可以獲得一個月用量的立普妥專利藥，而其他仿制品需要花費約10美元。Pfizer is also offering Lipitor for a generic price to big firms such as Medco, which managehealth schemes prescription 。All this may raise Pfizer s sales by nearly $500m in the first half of 2012 pared with whatthey would otherwise have been, says Tim Anderson of BernsteinResearch, with revenuesthen falling after the 180 days are Anderson認(rèn)為，所有這些舉措將使得輝瑞2012年上半年的銷售額比不采取措施時增加近5億美元，總收入在180天市場獨占期后會下降。Medco argues that Pfizer s scheme will save money for all parties, and ensure a steadysupply of the ，輝瑞的項目是為各方省錢，并保證穩(wěn)定供貨。Others fear that Pfizer s tactics may drive up costs for the employers who sponsor healthplans, thanks to the plexities of copayment schemes, and confuse patients lectured foryears about the merits of ，由于共同支付計劃很復(fù)雜，輝瑞的戰(zhàn)術(shù)會增加雇主門支付健康計劃的成本，也讓患者們在數(shù)年內(nèi)都不明白仿制藥的重要意義。Express Scripts is advising the health plans it works for to reject Pfizer s deals for 。The biggest worry is that Pfizer s strategy, if copied, will make the 180day exclusivityperiod worth far less, and thus discourage generics firms from challenging patents in thefirst ，如若輝瑞的做法被仿制，那么180天專有期的價值會縮水，而仿制藥公司可銳教育官網(wǎng)挑戰(zhàn)專利的動力也會在初期被抑制。第四篇：2018年可銳考研英語完形填空模擬題可銳教育官網(wǎng)2018年可銳考研英語完形填空模擬題（一）Text1．Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage with one suitable the beginning, water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel first civilisations arose____________(1)water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge__________(2)man’s Egyptians invented the 365___________(3)calendar in response___________(4)the Nile’s annual Babylonians, who were among ___________(5)most famous lawmakers___________(6)antiquity, devised edicts regulating water inspired the Chinese___________(7)build a 1,000 mile canal, a plex system___________(8), after nearly 2,500 years, ___________(9)still partly in use and still mands the awe of the ancients never found plete solutions ____________(10)their water Hwang Ho, or Yellow River, is also known___________(11)“China’s Sorrow”。it is so erratic and dangerous___________(12)in a single flood it has caused a million harassed the great civilisation of the Indus River valley, and inadequate drainage ruined much__________(13)its (14)dominates man as it always has___________(15).Its presence continues to govern the location of his homes and cities。its tempestuous variability can kill ___________(16)or his herds or his crops。its routes link him to____________(17)fellows。its immense value may add___________(18)already dangerous political are many examples__________(19)this in our___________(20)： Text2．SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human agreed upon among linguists, this 2 covers four important aspects: system, arbitrary, symbol and is a system, 3 linguistic elements are arranged systematically, 4 being a system ensures a mon 5 on which the users can 6 it and understand , in the 7 that there is usually without 8 connection between a word(dog, for instance)and the thing referred to by the word “dog”.A 9 from Shakespeare would make a good example: “a rose by any other name 可銳教育官網(wǎng)would smell as sweet?！?That is why there are 10 languages in the world, with so many different sounds and writings, all of which 11 more or less the same is symbolic, because words(writings/pictogram)are associated 12 objects, concepts, actions, by nothing more than other words, language users 14 the sounds or vocal forms to symbolize 15 they wish to is vocal, because sound or speech is the primary 16 for all human systems developed much later than the spoken recognition can be proved by the fact 18 every normal human can 19 in a certain language but not 20 is able to write。1.[A] Presumably [B] Broadly [C] Incidentally [D] Cheerfully2.[A] interference [B] access [C] impact [D] definition3.[A] since [B] if [C] unless [D] while4.[A] other than [B] now that [C] rather than [D] except that5.[A] freedom [B] origin [C] ground [D] reform6.[A] gras