【正文】 n much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have ，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。(2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which)he dislike ，而他恰恰與我相反。(3)We arrived the day that(on which)they 。在限定性定語從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動詞賓語時，關(guān)系代詞可省略。(1)The book(that/ which)I am reading is very 。(2)Is there anything(that)you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎? 非限定性 非限定性定語從句 意義: 非限定性定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明作用，缺少也不會影響全句的理解。在非限制性定語從句的前面往往有逗號隔開，如(1)The house,which I bought has a lovely 。(2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very 。, 對其進(jìn)行修飾,這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如:(1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets ，這使我心煩。(2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called ，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。，有時as也可用作關(guān)系代詞，若as在從句中作主語，其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。例如:(1)The boy has as much progress as we had ，這個男孩取得了大的進(jìn)步。(2)As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long ，中國是一個有著悠久歷史的美麗國家。，不能用從句做主語(1)The boys，who are playing football，are from Class 。(2)I helped an old man，who lost his way，我?guī)椭艘粋€迷路的老人。關(guān)系一、先行詞和關(guān)系詞1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(“what”可以用“all that”代替)但這兩句句子已經(jīng)不是定語從句了，是名詞性從句。因為定語從句一定要有先行詞，而名詞性從句沒有。將“Whoever”、“what”分別用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定語從句，先行詞分別是“Anyone”、“all”。Alice received an invitation from her boss,______ came as a 答案C。a選項it，使前后成為兩個句子，中間無連詞連接，語法錯誤。b項that，此為非限定性從句，不能用“that”修飾。c選項which，which在從句中做主語，用來代指前面的這件事。d選項he。前半句中是her boss，所以不正確。2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could 答案B A選項不能用來引導(dǎo)定語從句，C選項只能引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，而D選項習(xí)慣上并不適用。3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the 答案B “as”和“which”在引導(dǎo)非限賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點:(1)importance to me, as my own ，有些名詞可以具有形容詞的性質(zhì)。這些名詞主要是那些表示人的身份、職業(yè)、狀態(tài)的名詞。值得一提的是，在這些具有形容詞性質(zhì)的名詞之后，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不能用“who / whom”。(2)動詞短語先行成分。這種動詞短語既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是動態(tài)動詞短語，它們在從句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代動詞“do”和“as / which”一起代替?！癲o”可以出現(xiàn)，也可以不出現(xiàn)，但不能用其它動詞代替。(3)句子作先行成分。這句子可以是整個主句也可以只是主句中的一個從句。有時是連續(xù)幾個句子，有時甚至可以是一個完整的故事。二、“as/which”特殊定語從句在句中的位置。由于先行成分的構(gòu)成成分“特殊定語從句在句中的位置有以下幾種情況: :形容詞的”which“特殊定語從句置于先行成分之后。，”as / which“特殊定語從句置于先行成分之后。但是，當(dāng)從句中含有表示主觀意志的插入成分時，”as“特殊。:”as“特殊定語從句的位置較靈活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引語，”as“特殊定語從句與否定詞的相對中則常用一些表示”合乎自然規(guī)律“、”眾所周知“或”經(jīng)常發(fā)生“等意義的詞語，如natural, known to all, usual等。，而”which“特殊定語從句則無狀語意義?！盿s“特殊定四、關(guān)系代詞”as“與”which“一詞。如: Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the ).”Which“作主語時，謂語動詞不限，主動被動皆可，只是謂語動詞為被動語態(tài)時助動詞”be“省略。2).”as“和”which“都可以在特殊定語從句中賓語。3).”as“和”which“在特殊從句中作補(bǔ)語。如: We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.”as“特殊定語從句中可以主謂倒裝，”which“從句中則不能主謂倒裝。如果先行成分不是主語補(bǔ)語或賓語補(bǔ)語，關(guān)系代詞用”which“而不用”as“。如: He talked like a native, which/as he hardly .”as“用法: 1).”as“引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句 a.”such....as“ He is not such a fool as he have never heard such a story as he .”the same....as“ This is the same book as I lost last week.(區(qū)分”the same...as“與”the same....that“:兩者都引導(dǎo)定語從句。that從句中說明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一個。as從句中說明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一類，而非同一個。舉例:①This is the same pen that I 。②This is the same pen as I 。)c.”as...as“ As many children as came were given some ).”as“引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 常用句式:as is said above 綜上所述 as is known to all 眾所周知 as is often the case 通常如此as is reported in the newspaper 如報紙所報道的 6.”which“在特殊從定法(1)不用that的情況(a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時。(c)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(b)介詞后能用。We depend on the land from which we get our depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用”that“引導(dǎo):如先行詞被”last,just“修飾時，只用”that“。(d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)容詞，又有人和物時。(f)先行詞指物，在主句中作是”the way“或”the reason“時，”that“可作關(guān)系副詞，也可省略。(h)主句的主語是疑問詞”who /which“時，避免重復(fù)要用”that“.舉例: Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 這是你在圖書館借的書嗎? Who that break the window should be 。All that needed is a supply of 。The thief gave out everything that he had stolen to the 。定語從句只能”that“引導(dǎo)的情況:先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾。This is the most interesting book that l have ever 、先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。The second foreign country that l expect to visit is 、先行詞是不定代詞時，如”all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something“ This is the very good dictionary that I want to .、先行詞既有人又有物時Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?先行詞被”only“、”the every“、”no“、”one of“、”the right“、”the same“等修飾He is the only person that l want to talk 、在以”which“、”who“、”whom“ 引起的問句中，為避免重復(fù)，常用”that“ Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the Tshirt that fits me most?”there be“句型中先行詞在主句中作表語，或者關(guān)系代詞本身作從句的表語時宜用”that“ ”that“在作賓語時可省略。(五)區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系。同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說明的關(guān)系。(1)The boy who is playing football is my classmate.(定語從句)定語從句由關(guān)系代for advice.(3)The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.(4)The fact is that the moon moves around the earth.(這是一個表語從句!)(六)特殊的定語從句 1)but也可用作關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句，意思接近于that(who).....not(這種用法已經(jīng)有些陳舊)There is no tree but bears some 。There are very few but admire his 。Surely there isn39。t a mother but faces this ，凡是母親都面臨著這個問題。2)whereby,wherein,whereupon也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，相當(dāng)于by which,in which,upon/on ，且僅用于書面語。[定語從句]介詞+關(guān)系詞1)介詞后面的關(guān)系副詞不能省略。2)”that“前不能有介詞。3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時間，地點或原因狀語的”介詞+關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞”when“和”where“互換。例如: This is the house in which I lived two years 。This is the house where I lived two years you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?二、介詞與關(guān)系代詞 ”介詞+關(guān)系代詞“的結(jié)構(gòu) 1.”介詞+ which“在關(guān)系分句中分別可作時間、地點和原因狀語，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why。如: ①I still remember the day on which(= when)I first came to 。②The factory in which(= where)I work is a large 。2.”介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)“在關(guān)系分句中作地點狀語，表示存在關(guān)系，關(guān)系分句主謂常須倒裝。如: ①They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small ，前邊坐著一個小男孩。②I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a ，他的頭上有一只鳥。3.”不定代詞或數(shù)詞+ of + which(指物)/whom(指人)“在關(guān)系分句中作主語，說明整體中的一部分。如: ①China has a lot of islands, one of which is ，其中之一是釣魚島。②There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the ，他們之中無人喜歡這部電影。4.”介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)“在關(guān)系分句中作目的、方式或地點狀語。如: ①Could you tell me for whom you39。ve bought this coat? 你能告訴我這件衣服是給誰買的嗎? ②T